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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Empiricism |
I believe that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation. |
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scientific method |
A set of principles about the appropriate relationship between ideas and evidence. |
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Theory |
Hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon. |
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Hypothesis |
Falsifiable prediction made by a theory. |
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Empirical method |
A set of rules and techniques for observation. |
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Operational definition |
A description of property in concrete, measurable terms. |
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Measure |
A device that can detect the condition to which an operational definition refers. |
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Electromyography |
Device that measures muscle contractions under surface of a person's skin. |
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Validity |
The extent to which a measurement and property are conceptually related. |
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Reliability |
The tendency for a measure to produce the same measurement whenever it is used to measure the same thing. |
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Demand characteristics |
Those aspects of an observational setting that can cause people to behave as they think they should. |
Do I look fat in these jeans, No |
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Naturalistic observation |
Is a technique for gathering information by Lund obtrusively observing people in their natural environments. |
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Double - blind |
An observation, which is an observation whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer and the person being observed. |
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Variable |
Properties whose values can vary across individuals over time. |
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Correlation |
Variations in the value of one variable are synchronized with the variations in the value of another. |
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Natural correlation |
The correlations we observe in the world around us. |
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Third - variable correlation |
Two variables are correlated only because each is casually related to a third variable. |
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Third - variable problem |
A casual relationship between two variables cannot be inferred from the natural occurring correlation between them because of their ever - present possibility of 3rd - Prairieville correlation |
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Experiment |
A technique establishing the causal relationship between variables. |
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Manipulation |
The creation of an artificial pattern of variation in a variable in order to determine its casual powers. |
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Independent variable |
The variable that is manipulated. |
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Experimental group |
The group of people who are treated in a particular way. |
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Control group |
The group of people who are not treated in a particular way. |
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Dependent variable |
The variable that is measured. |
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Self - selection |
Problem that occurs when anything about a person determines whether he or she will be included in the experimental or control group. |
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Random assignment |
A procedure that uses a random event to assign people to the experimental or control group. |
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Internal validity |
The characteristic of an experiment that established that casual relationship between the variables. |
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External validity |
A property of an experiment in which variables have been operationally defined in the normal typical or realistic way. |
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Population |
A complete collection of people. |
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Sample |
A partial collection of people drawn from a population. |
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Case method |
Method of gathering scientific knowledge by studying a single individual. |
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Random sampling |
Technique for choosing participants then ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. |
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Informed consent |
A written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who has been been informed of all the risks that a participation made entail. |
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Debriefing |
A verbal description of the true nature and purpose of the study. |
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Power |
The ability of a measure to detect differences |
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