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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
social psychology
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the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
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attributions theory
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the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crditing either the situation or the person's disposition.
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fundamental attrivution error
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the tendency for ovservers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
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attitude
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feelings, often influenced by out beliefs, that predipose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
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central route to persuasion
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occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favoraable thoughts.
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peripheral route to persuasion
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occurs when people are nfluenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.
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foot-in-the-door phenonmenon
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the tendency for people who have first agreed to small request to comply later with a larger request.
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cognitive dissonance theory
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the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.
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conformity
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adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
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normative social influence
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influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
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informational social influence
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influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
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social facilitation
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stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in presence of others.
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social loafing
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the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
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deindividuation
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the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
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group polarization
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the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
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groupthink
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the mode of thinking occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
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prejudice
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and unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its memebers. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, a predisposition to discriminatory action.
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sterotype
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a generalized belief about a group of people.
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discrimination
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unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
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ingroup
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"Us" people with whom we share a common identity.
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outgroup
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"them" those perceived as different or apart from our group.
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scapegoat theory
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the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
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other-race effect
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the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.. Also called the cross-rae effect and the own -rcae bias.
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just-world phenonmenon
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the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and desrve what they get.
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agression
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any physcial or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
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frusturation-agression principle
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the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate agression.
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mere exposure effect
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the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
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passionate love
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an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.
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companionate love
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the deep affectionate attachement we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined.
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equity
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a conditon in which people recieve ffrom a relationship in proprtion to what they gie to it.
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self-disclosure
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revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.
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altruism
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unselfish regard for welfare of others.
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bystander effect
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the tendecy for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
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social exchange theory
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the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize costs.
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reciprocity norm
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an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.
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social-responsibility norm
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an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.
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conflict
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a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
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social trap
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a situation in which the conflicting parties , by each rationally puursuing their self -interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
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mirror-image perceptions
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mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
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Superodinate goals
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shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
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GRIT
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Grauduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction- a strategy designed to decrease internation tensions.
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