Psychology Chapter 11

Front 1

Motivation

Back 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behaviour

Front 2

Instinct

Back 2

A complex behaviour that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Front 3

Drive Reduction Theory

Back 3

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Front 4

Homeostasis

Back 4

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Front 5

Incentive

Back 5

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviour

Front 6

Hierarchy of needs

Back 6

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Front 7

Glucose

Back 7

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Front 8

Set Point

Back 8

The point at which an individual's 'weight thermostat' is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Front 9

Insulin

Back 9

Secreted by the pancreas, controls blood glucose

Front 10

Ghrelin & Orexin

Back 10

Trigger hunger

Front 11

Leptin & PYY

Back 11

Decrease Hunger

Front 12

Basal Metabolic Rate

Back 12

The body's resting rate of energy expenditure

Front 13

Sexual response cycle

Back 13

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement plateau orgasm resolution

Front 14

Refractory period

Back 14

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Front 15

Sexual Disorder

Back 15

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Front 16

Estrogens

Back 16

Sex hormones, such as estrodiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female characteristics.

Front 17

Testosterone

Back 17

The most important if the male sex hormones, stimulates growth of male sex organs in fetus/characteristics in puberty

Front 18

Sexual Orientation

Back 18

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex

Front 19

Flow

Back 19

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

Front 20

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Back 20

Application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behaviour in workplaces

Front 21

Personnel Psychology

Back 21

A subfield, that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, development

Front 22

Organizational Psychology

Back 22

A subfield that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity

Front 23

Human Factors Psychology

Back 23

Subfield that explores how people and machines interact, how they can be made easier

Front 24

Structural interviews

Back 24

Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, who are rated on a scale

Front 25

Acheivement Motivation

Back 25

A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas

Front 26

Task Leadership

Back 26

Goal-oriented Leadership that sets standards, organizes work and focuses attention on goals

Front 27

Social Leadership

Back 27

Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict and offers support.