Psychology Chapter 10

Front 1

Developmental Psychology

Back 1

Scientific study of how and why human beings develop over the course of their lives.

Front 2

Biopsychosocial model

Back 2

1)physical

2)cognitive

3)Social-emotional

Front 3

Cross-sectional design

Back 3

Studying kids at different age groups for a short period of time.

Front 4

Longitudinal Design

Back 4

Studying the same people over time at various ages. (More accurate)

Front 5

Physical development

Back 5

Biological changes in the body that occur in most typically developing humans.

Front 6

Prenatal development

Back 6

1)Germinal stage(First 2 weeks)

2)Emryonic stage(2-8 weeks)

3)fetal stage(starts at 9 weeks)

Front 7

Zygote

Back 7

Ovum+sperm

Front 8

Germinal stage

Back 8

Zygote attaches to uterine wall.

Front 9

Embryonic stage

Back 9

1)Placenta and umbilical cord develop

2)Major organs begin to develop (brain, nervous system, arms, legs, teeth, palate, heart, eyes and genetalia).

Front 10

Fetal stage

Back 10

1)Bones cells form

2)Heartbeat can be detected with a stethoscope at 8-12 weeks.

3)organ continue to grow.

4)Size increases rapidly

5)4-6 months, movement.

Front 11

Klinefelters Syndrome

Back 11

1)Genetically xxy

2)One example of interest

3)guys with more of a woman's body

Front 12

Down syndrome

Back 12

Third copy of chromosome 21.

Front 13

Environmental influences

Back 13

1)teratogens

2)Maternal malnutrition

3)Maternal stress

Front 14

Teratogens

Back 14

Environmental agents that may cause abnormal fetal development(alcohol, prescription drugs, nicotine).

Front 15

New born humans

Back 15

1)Motor skills are limited

2)Brain is still developing, development is rapid

3)Brain is more responsive to surroundings than in other mammals.

Front 16

Post-natal brain development

Back 16

1)Neurons continue to grow, connections change

2)Environment plays a huge role in the early years.

Front 17

Post-natal sensory development

Back 17

Hearing: almost fully developed by birth, can hear full frequency by 4-8 months.

Smell: very acute

Taste: can distinguish between salty, sweet, sour, and bitter (fully developed by 12-19months).

Touch: hot, cold, pain, by 9 months—texture and by 3-4 shape and size.

Front 18

Habituation-dishabituation paradigm

Back 18

Babys reaction to familiar stimulus vs. novel stimulus.

Front 19

Cephalocaudal principle

Back 19

Development is from head to toe.

Front 20

Proximodistal Principle

Back 20

Development is from innermost to outer (arms before fingers).

Front 21

Cognitive development

Back 21

Changes in thinking, reasoning, and problem solving in most typically developing humans.

Front 22

Jean Piaget

Back 22

1)discovered that young children consistently answer certain questions wrong.

Front 23

Piagets theory of how children acquire knowledge

Back 23

Schemas: internal framework that guides our interactions with the world.

Assimilation: process where experiences are incorporated into schemas.

Accommodation: alteration of schemas to fit with new information.

Operations: reversible actions.

Front 24

Object permanence

Back 24

The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen.

Front 25

Information processing theories

Back 25

1)Learning is gradual and continual

2)not stage-like

3)Cognitive growth occurs as information processing abilities gradually become more efficient.

Front 26

Zone of proximal development

Back 26

Tasks too difficult for the child alone, but possible with the help of adults/more skilled peers.

Front 27

Cognitive change in adulthood

Back 27

1)Verbal memory seems to be better.

2)Crystallized intelligence increases.

3)Information processing and working memory seen to decrease.

Front 28

Dementia

Back 28

Chronic disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury; memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Front 29

Alzheimers

Back 29

1)Neurodegenerative disease

2)progressive cognitive decline

3)mood swings

4)eventual loss of physical function

Front 30

Attachment styles

Back 30

1)Secure attachment

2)Anxious-resistant attachment

3)Anxious-avoidant attachment

Front 31

Harry Harlow

Back 31

1)Discovered the importance of physical contact

2)Did the monkey study with the two fake mothers

Front 32

Social referencing

Back 32

The ability to make use of social and emotional information from another person.

Front 33

Emotional competence

Back 33

Learning to regulate emotions and know what emotions are appropriate.

Front 34

Socio-emotional selectivity theory

Back 34

More aware of their limited time = more selective about where they expend resources in relationships.