Psychology Ch. 6

Front 1

the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned

Back 1

memory

Front 2

a computerlike model used to describe the way humans encode, store, and retrieve information

Back 2

information-processing model

Front 3

entry points for raw information from the senses

everything you are paying attention to

Back 3

sensory registers

Front 4

the selection of some incoming information for further processing

Back 4

attention

Front 5

working memory; briefly stores and processes selected information from the sensory registers

Back 5

short-term memory (STM)

Front 6

the grouping of information into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory

Back 6

chunking

Front 7

retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over

Back 7

rote rehearsal

Front 8

the portion of memory that is more or less permanent, corresponding to everything we "know."

Back 8

long-term mmemory (LTM)

Front 9

the finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning and end of the list

Back 9

serial position effect

Front 10

the linking of new information in short-term memory to familar material stored in long-term memory

Back 10

elaborative rehearsal

Front 11

techniques that make material easier to remember

Back 11

mnemonics

Front 12

a set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience

Back 12

schema

Front 13

the portion of long-term memory that stores personally experienced events

Back 13

episodic memories

Front 14

the portion of long-term memory that stores general facts and information

Back 14

semantic memories

Front 15

the portion of long-term memory that stores information relating to skills, habits, and other perceptual-motor tasks

Back 15

procedural memories

Front 16

learned emotional responses to various stimuli

Back 16

emotional memories

Front 17

memory for information that we can readily express in words and are aware of having; these memories can be intentionally retrieved from memory

Back 17

explicit memory

Front 18

memory for information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having; these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory

Back 18

implicit memory

Front 19

knowing a word, but not being able to immediately recall it

Back 19

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (or TOT)

Front 20

a long-lasting change in the structure or function of a synapse that increases the efficiency of neural transmission and is thought to be related to how information is stored by neurons

Back 20

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Front 21

the inability to recall events preceding an accident or injury, but without loss of earlier memory

Back 21

retrograde amnesia

Front 22

a theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting

Back 22

decay theory

Front 23

the process by which new informative interferes with information already in memory

Back 23

retroactive interference

Front 24

the process by which information already in memory interferes with new information

Back 24

proactive interference

Front 25

the difficulty adults have remembering experiences from their first two years of life

Back 25

childhood amnesia

Front 26

the ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something one has seen

Back 26

eidetic imagery

Front 27

people with highly developed memory skills

Back 27

menemonists

Front 28

a vivid memory of a certain event and the incidents surrounding it even after a long time has passed

Back 28

flashbulb memory