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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Invasive mean?
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Into the brain
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What does noninvasive mean?
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Not into the brain
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What is a brain lesion?
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Abnormal brain tissue
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What is brain stimulation?
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High-frequency electrical stimulation of the brain. There are two forms: Electrical & Chemical.
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What odes ICS stand for?
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Intracranial Stomulation (Electrical)
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What does EEG stand for?
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Electroencephalograph
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What is an electroencephalograph (EEG)?
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A brain-imaging technique that records "waves" of electrical activity in the brain using metal electrodes placed on a person's scalp.
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What does CAT stand for?
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Computerized Axial Tomography
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What is a computerized axial tomography (CAT)?
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A brain-imaging technique that combines thousands of X-ray brain photographs to construct a cross-sectional picture of the brain.
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What does MRI stand for?
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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What is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
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A brain-imaging technique that produces 3D images of the brain's soft tissues by detecting magnetic activity from nuclear particles.
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What does PET stand for?
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Positron Emission Tomography
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What is a positron emission tomography (PET)?
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A brain-imaging technique that measures over several MINUTES the average amount of neural activity in different brain regions by showing each region's consumption of glucose.
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What is an fMRI?
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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What is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
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A brain-imaging technique that measures over a few SECONDS the average amount of neural activity in the brain regions by showing fluctuations in blood-oxygen levels.
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What is frequency?
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The number of cycles in one second. (Hz)
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What is amplitude?
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The size of the waves.
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What are BETA waves?
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The normal brainwave of a person who is awake and alert. (14 - 35+ Hz)
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What are ALPHA waves?
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The normal brainwave of person who is awake but in a relaxed state. (8 - 14 Hz)
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What are THETA waves?
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The normal brainwave of a person who is awake but relaxed AND drowsy. (Low waves & amplitude)
(4 - 8 Hz) |
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What are DELTA waves?
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The normal brainwave of a person who is in DEEP dreamless sleep. (0 - 4 Hz)
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What is magnetoencephalography?
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Magnetic fields from the brain.
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What are the 3 major regions of the brain?
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Hindbrain, Midbrain, and Forebrain
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What is the Hindbrain?
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Region of the brain above the spinal cord that contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
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What is a medulla?
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A part of the Hindbrain that controls breathing, heart rate, swallowing and digestion, as well as allowing us to maintain an upright posture.
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What is a pon?
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A part of the Hindbrain that is concerned with sleep and arousal.
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What is a cerebellum?
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A part of the Hindbrain that regulates and coordinates basic motor activities and plays a role in learning.
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What is the Midbrain?
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Region of the brain above the Hindbrain that contains the reticular formation.
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What is the Midbrain reticular formation?
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A part of the Midbrain involved in the regulation and maintenance of consciousness. (E.g. eye movements, reflexes and the sleep-wake center)
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What is the Forebrain?
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Region of the brain above the Midbrain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
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What is the thalamus?
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A part of the Forebrain that is the brain's sensory relay station, sending messges from the senses to the higher parts of the brain.
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What is the hypothalamus?
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A part of the Forebrain involvedi n regulating basic biological processes, such as eating, drinking, sexual activity, emotion and stable body temperature. (Homeostasis)
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What is the limbic system?
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A part of the Forebrain consisting of structures that influence fear, aggression, the acquisition of new information in memory.
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What is does the amydala do?
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Influences fear and aggression.
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What does the hippocampus do?
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Is the acquisition of new information in memory.
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What is the Cerebral Cortex?
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The thin outer surface of the cerebrum. Contains about 80% of the brain's total mass. Also responsible for higher-order mental processes.
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What are convolutions (gyrus)?
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Numerous folds or ridges on the surface of the brain.
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What are the cerebral hemispheres?
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Two main parts of the cerebral cortex.
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What is the corpus callosum?
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A thick band of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres, transmitting information between them.
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What are the four lobes called?
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Occipital, Parietal, Temporal and Frontal.
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What are the Occipital Lobes?
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One of the four major sections of the cerebral cortex, located at the back of the cerebral hemispheres. Responsible for visual processing.
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What are the Parietal Lobes?
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One of the four major sections of the cerebral cortex, located in the front of the Occipital lobes. Responsible for touch sensation and body's position.
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What are the Temporal Lobes?
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One of the four major sections of the cerebral cortex, located below the Parietal lobes and near the temples. Responsible for hearing and language.
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What are the Frontal Lobes?
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One of the four major sections of the cerebral cortex, located in the front of the cerebral hemispheres, behind the forehead. Responsible for coordination and higher mental processes.
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What is the basal gangalia?
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Controls cognition and voluntary movement.
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What is the Association Cortex?
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Areas that are neither motor or sensory but are thought to be involved in higher processing of information.
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What is a Sulcus?
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A groove on the surface of the brain.
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What is the Hindbrain Reticular Formation?
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A sensory gate that alerts higher brain centers to incoming info.
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How many neurons are there in the human brain?
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100 Billion
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What is Aphasia?
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The inability to recognize or express language as a result of damage to brain tissue, such as after a stroke. (Broca Area & Wernicles Area)
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What is Lateralization?
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Degree to which a mental process is handled only by the left or right hemisphere.
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Left-Brain Vs. Right-Brain
What is the left brain associated with? |
Verbal skills. (E.g. reading, writing, math, science, letters, language sounds, speech, grammar, explanations and logic)
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Left-Brain Vs. Right-Brain
What is the right brain associated with? |
Nonverbal skills (E.g. spatial tasks, music, art, creativity, emotions, non-language sounds, directions, judgements, rotation of objects and face recognition).
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What is plasticity?
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The ability of the brain to alter its neural connections following damage.
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