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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
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A portion of the nervous system containing all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
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What is a nerve?
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A bundle of axons from many neurons that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system.
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What is the 'somatic' nervous system?
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A division of the peripheral nervous system that transmits commands to the skeletal muscles and receives sensory information from the muscles & skin.
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What is the 'autonomic' nervous system?
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A division of the peripheral nervous system that controls movement of non-skeletal muscles, such as heart and lung movements, which people have little or no control over.
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What is homeostasis?
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The body's steady state of normal functioning.
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What is the 'sympathetic' nervous system?
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The part of the autonomic nervous system that activates the body's energy resources to deal with threatening situations. (E.g. "fight or flight").
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What is the 'parasympathetic' nervous system?
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The part of the autonomic nervous system that acts to conserve and maintain the body's energy resources. (Opposite of sympathetic).
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What is the central nervous system?
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A portion of the nervous system located in the bony central core of the body, consisting of the brain + spinal cord.
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What is the cerebrospinal fluid?
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A clear fluid, secreted by the brain, inside and around the brain + spinal cord.
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What is the spinal cord?
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The slender, "tube-shaped" part of the central nervous system. It extends from the base of the brain, down the center of the back, made up of a bundle of nerves.
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What are reflexes?
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Autonomic, involuntary responses to sensory stimuli. Many of which is facilitated by the spinal cord. (E.g. knee-jerk response)
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What is the endocrine system?
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A network of glands in various parts of the body that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
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What are hormones?
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Chemical signals that are secreted into the blood in one part of the body that affect other parts of the body.
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What is the pituitary gland?
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The body's "master gland", located in the base of the brain, whose hormones stimulate and regulates the rest of the endocrine system.
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What is the growth hormone?
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Released by the pituitary gland which influences growth directly on the bone and muscle tissue. It helps produce adolescent growth spurt. (Also deals with psychosocial dwarfism).
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What is the oxytocin hormone?
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A hormone which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and the mammary glands to produce milk.
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What is the antidiuretic hormone?
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A hormone that constricts blood vessels, affects blood pressure and reduces the excretion of urine.
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What is the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
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Stimulates the adrenal cortex. Specifically, stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids (glucose) and mineralocortocoids (sodium/potassium balance).
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What is the leutenizing hormone?
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A hormone that has an effect on reproduction. (In females- ovulation/ In males- testosterone)
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What is the follicle stimulating hormone?
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A hormone that stimulates the production of ova and sperm.
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What is the prolactin hormone?
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A hormone that stimulates the production and secretion of milk.
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What is the thyroid stimulating hormone?
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Simply stimulates the thyroid.
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What is the thyroid gland?
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The gland, located just below the larynx in the neck, that controls metabolism and homeostasis. Also the maturation of vertebrates.
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What is thyroxin?
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A hormone produced by the thyroid gland which controls metabolism.
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What is hypothyroidism?
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An overactive thyroid condition which affects people to be lethargic, depressed, excitable and have short attention spans.
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What are the adrenal glands?
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Two glands, located near the kidneys, that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which activates the sympathetic nervous system.
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Epinephrine (Adrenaline) vs. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
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Epinephrine- Increases heart rate..
Norepinephrine- Decreases heart rate. Both are involved with the body's "fight or flight" response. |
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What does the pancreas secrete?
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Glucagon (Glucose) & Insulin (Metabolism)
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What are gonads?
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The two sex glands, called ovaries in females and testes in males.
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What is testosterone?
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An androgen (sex hormone), which is secreted by the adrenal glands in both female and male mammals and humans
. (More in men). It also helps add muscle weight, and increased strength. |
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What is estrogen?
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The development + maintence of the primary and secondary sexual characteristics in the female and for the sex drive in all female mammals except human females.
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What is progesterone?
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Readies the uterus to receive the zygote (fertilized egg).
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