Psychology 210 Biological Psychology Exam Three

Front 1

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 1

Breaks in the myelin sheath

Front 2

Vesicles

Back 2

A tiny sac in which neurotransmitters are stored.

Front 3

Presynaptic inhibition

Back 3

Inhibition at axonaxonal synapses that occurs when the presynaptic axon releases inhibitory neurotransmitters that block the release of neurotransmitters from the postsynaptic axon.

Front 4

Postsynaptic Inhibition

Back 4

Inhibition that takes place in the postsynaptic dendrite following the reslease of an inhibitory neurotransmitter from a presynaptic axon.

Front 5

Action Potential

Back 5

The voltage change recorded across the cell membrane in an excited neuron.

Front 6

Synapse

Back 6

A junction between two neurons.

Front 7

Chemical Synapse

Back 7

A junction between two neurons that communicate using neurotransmitters.

Front 8

Synaptic Cleft

Back 8

The narrow space between two communicating neurons.

Front 9

Presynaptic Neuron

Back 9

The neuron sending a message across a synapse.

Front 10

Postsynaptic Neuron

Back 10

The neuron receiving communication across a synapse.

Front 11

Synapse

Back 11

A junction between two neurons.

Front 12

Chemical Synapse

Back 12

A junction between two neurons that communicate using neurotransmitters.

Front 13

Synaptic Cleft

Back 13

The narrow space between two communicating neurons.

Front 14

Presynaptic Neuron

Back 14

The neuron sending a message across a synapse.

Front 15

Postsynaptic Neuron

Back 15

The neuron receiving communication across a synapse.

Front 16

Synapse

Back 16

A junction between two neurons.

Front 17

Chemical Synapse

Back 17

A junction between two neurons that communicate using neurotransmitters.

Front 18

Synaptic Cleft

Back 18

The narrow space between two communicating neurons.

Front 19

Presynaptic Neuron

Back 19

The neuron sending a message across a synapse.

Front 20

Postsynaptic Neuron

Back 20

The neuron receiving communication across a synapse.

Front 21

GABA

Back 21

A neurotransmitter that is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Front 22

Dopamine

Back 22

A monoamine neurotransmitter that is a precursor of norepinephone and epinephrine.

Front 23

Anandamide

Back 23

A recently discovered neurotransmitter that binds cannabinoid receptors.

Front 24

Curare

Back 24

A nicotinic antagonist that produces paralysis

Front 25

Nicotine

Back 25

A nicotinic agonist, binds with acetylcholine ligand-gated ion channels.

Front 26

Ligand-gated Ion Channel Receptor

Back 26

A protein on the cell membrane that is attached to a ligand-gated channel and binds with a specific neurotransmitter.

Front 27

Sodium-potasium pump

Back 27

A built-in-mechanism in the cell, a membrane protein which has the duty of pumping sodium out of the neuron every time the ion slips in. Pumps sodium out and pumps potassium back in.

Front 28

Temporal Summation

Back 28

Addition of input from one presynaptic neuron over a brief period of time. In this, the the input from one presynaptic neuron over time is added by the postsynaptic neuron.

Front 29

Spatial Summation

Back 29

Addittion of input from many different presynaptic neurons.

Front 30

Saltatory Conduction

Back 30

The jumping of an action portential along a myelinated axon. Spreads from node of raniver to node of raniver, much faster than bit by bit on myelin.

Front 31

Norepinephrine

Back 31

a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood, drive reduction, sleep, arousal, cognition, and emotions. come from tyrosine, which is commonly found in a variety in foods. With epinephrine and dopamine, they form a special class of monoamines know as catecholamines, because they each contain a catechol ring and one amine group.

Front 32

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Back 32

An explanation of emotion that maintains that the physiological response to a stimulus produces an emotion.

Front 33

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Back 33

An explanation of emotion that maintains that a stimulus elicits an emotion, which produces physiological changes.

Front 34

Papez Circuit

Back 34

According to Papez, these structures include the hypothalamus, anterior thalamus, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus. He concludeded that a pathway between subcortical structures in the forebrain is responsible for generating emotions. This ciruit is the connections between these parts.

Front 35

Sensitization

Back 35

A progressive increase in the effect of a drug with repeated administration. This is caused by altered gene function which increases the availability of glutamate receptors in the ventral tegmental area, which increases glutamate activity. This increase causes an increase in dopamine release, enhancing the effect of the drug.

Front 36

Withdrawl

Back 36

Severe physical syptoms, such as tremors, seizures, hallucinations, nauseaa, associated with abstinence from an abused substance.

Front 37

Muscarinic Receptor

Back 37

A G protein linked receptor that binds with both muscarine and acetylcholine. Gets its name from a poisonous mushroom. The receptors are not connected to a ligand-gated ion channel, and binding to this receptor does not open any ion channels.