Psychology 101 Quiz 2

Front 1

Neuronal communication summary- Step 1

Back 1

1. resting membrane potential (negative)

Front 2

Neuronal communication summary- Step 2

Back 2

2. Generation of action potential through depolarization

Front 3

Neuronal communication summary- Step 3

Back 3

3. unidirectional transmission through axons

Front 4

Neuronal communication summary- Step 4

Back 4

4. reach terminal button and synapse

Front 5

Synapse

Back 5

action potential causes vesicles to open

Front 6

Agonist

Back 6

mimics neurotransmitters, specifically the endorphins that affect mood and pain

Front 7

Antagonist

Back 7

block neuronal transmission, however it does not stimulate the receptors

Front 8

Central Nervous System

Back 8

Brain and spinal cord

Front 9

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 9

nerve cells in the body which are not part of the CNS

Front 10

Brain Stem

Back 10

Manages simple reflexes, autonomous but very primitive

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

Mostly involved in motor functions, independent and unconscious

Front 12

Forebrain

Back 12

Two hemispheres: left and right

-cerebral cortex

-subcortical regions

Front 13

Pituitary gland

Back 13

releases hormones

Front 14

Hypothalamus

Back 14

controls pituitary gland

Front 15

Thalamus

Back 15

controls senses, gateway to cortex

Front 16

Hippocampus

Back 16

formation and consolidation of memories

Front 17

Amygdala

Back 17

emotion and memory

Front 18

Basal ganglia

Back 18

Planning and Movement

Front 19

Cerebral cortex

Back 19

2 hemispheres

4 lobes

Front 20

Occipital lobe

Back 20

primary visual cortex

Front 21

Parietal lobe

Back 21

somatosensory cortex

Front 22

Temporal lobe

Back 22

primary auditory cortex

Front 23

Frontal lobe

Back 23

movement, planning

Front 24

Corpus callosum

Back 24

connects left and right hemisphere

Front 25

Threshold

Back 25

minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect stimulus 50% of the time

Front 26

Sensory adaptation

Back 26

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Front 27

Transduction

Back 27

transformation of stimulation into action potential

Front 28

Quantitive coding

Back 28

neurons fire more frequently when a stimulus is more intense (louder noise/ brighter light)

Front 29

Qualitative coding

Back 29

receptors are tuned to a specific range of stimuli

Front 30

Retina

Back 30

contains photoreceptors

Front 31

Cones

Back 31

color vision

day vision

Front 32

Rods

Back 32

night vision

Front 33

"what" pathway

Back 33

ventral pathway- from occipital to temporal lobe

Front 34

"where" pathway

Back 34

dorsal pathway- from occipital to parietal lobe

Front 35

Bottom-up process

Back 35

analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to level of brain and mind

Front 36

Top-down process

Back 36

information processing influenced by higher thinking processes and expectations

Front 37

Perception

Back 37

-top-down process

-past experiences and expectations influence our perceptions

Front 38

Gestalt psychology

Back 38

perception is not built from sensation but results from perceptual organization

Front 39

"Best Guess Rule"

Back 39

describes how different elements in a scene tend to group together

Front 40

Form perception

Back 40

figure ground

grouping

Front 41

figure ground

Back 41

tendency to organize stimuli into figure and background

Front 42

grouping

Back 42

tendency to organize percept into meaningful form

-proximity

-similarity

-continuity/closure

Front 43

Depth perception

Back 43

monocular cues

binocular cues

Front 44

Monocular cues

Back 44

-rely on one eye

-visual expansion

-occlusion

-relative size

-texture gradient

Front 45

Binocular cues

Back 45

-rely on retinal display

-most important for depth perception

-depth disparity

-autostereogram