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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary Reinforcers
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Food, Drink (Immediate/Physical) |
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Token Economy
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Stickers/Point System (aimed at children) |
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Punishment Factors
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Timing, Consistency, Intensity |
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Using Severest Punishment Always Results in:
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Avoidance/Escape Learning |
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Observation
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TV, parents, older siblings, celebrities = Role Models |
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How many hours of media are 8-18 year olds exposed to?
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44.5 Hours |
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Graduated Student watches _______ hours of TV, while only _________ are spent in the classroom. |
15,000; 11,000 |
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What is memory?
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Active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters and recovers information. |
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3 Stages of Memory:
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Sensory, Short-Term, Long-Term |
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What is Sensory Memory?
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A few seconds, an exact snapshot of what was just seen or heard, selective attention
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What is Short-Term Memory?
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Brief, temporary storage for a small amount of information, images and sounds, most of thinking, referred to also as the "Working" memory
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What is Long-Term Memory? |
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What is chunking? |
It is grouping items together in some way such as a bird, cat, and tree into an image to remember these items which increases how much info you can hold in Short-Term Memory |
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How long does someone usually store infomation in their short term memory? How many items? |
18s; 7 +or- 2, 5-9 |
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What are the two types of Rehearsal?
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Maintenance and Elaborative |
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What is Maintenance Rehearsal?
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Repeating the information |
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What is Elaborative Rehearsal? |
Attaching meaning to information |
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What is Consolidation?
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The forming of a long-term memory
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What part of the brain is associated with memory? |
The hippocampus |
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What is Constructive Processing? |
Rebuilding Memory |
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What is Redintegration? |
Bringing forth a memory through a network of memories |
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What can easily bring back a memory and lead to redintegration? |
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What are the two types of long-term memory?
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Procedural and Declarative |
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What is Procedural Memory?
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Skills (Fishing, Painting, Walking, Talking) |
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What is Declarative Memory? |
Factual (Names and such) |
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What type of memory is lost in Amnesia? |
Declarative |
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What are the 3 Ways of measuring Memory?
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Recall, Recognition, Relearning |
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What is recall?
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Bringing forth the info from your memory such as in an essay question
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What is recognition?
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Recognizing such as Multiple Choice
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What is relearning?
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Repeating looking at info or having learned it before (Reviewing)
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What is Eidetic Memory?
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Photo Memory, very rare, genetic
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What is a mnemonic?
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A jingle or some other way to easily remember some information |
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Classical Conditioning
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innate response to a potent stimulus comes to be elicited in response to a previously neutral stimulus Involuntary, Association |
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Operant Conditioning
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behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by, its consequences Voluntary Consequences: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, Non-reinforcement |
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Conditioned Emotional Response
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Watson |
Baby, conditioned a phobia into baby |
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Vicarious Conditioning |
Trauma from someone else's experience |
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Response Call Punishment |
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When does most forgetting occur?
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Immediately after using it such as after a test |
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What is another major cause of forgetting?
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Interference |
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What are the 4 theories of forgetting? |
Failure to encode info, Brain activity weakening or decaying over time (aging), unavailability of cues, condition of body |
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What is repression?
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Rare, shoved into unconscious |
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What is suppression?
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Voluntarily putting away |
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When does detailed long term memory begin (age)?
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2-4 years |
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Tips for Better Remembering: |
Feedback, Rehearsal, Be Selective, Organize Information, Focus on Middle, Develop Cues to Jog Memory, Overlearn, Spaced Practice, Sleep, Review Shortly Before Test |
