Psych Module 4 - Psych Of Learning

Front 1

What is learning?

Back 1

A lasting change in behavior and mental processes

Front 2

Name the 3 stages of classical conditioning

Back 2

1: Before conditioning 2: Conditioning 3: After conditioning

Front 3

Define a reflex

Back 3

Automatic and natural response to a stimulus

Front 4

Define unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Back 4

Stimulus without a learned response to it

Front 5

Define unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 5

Unlearned or natural response; reflex

Front 6

Summarize classical conditioning

Back 6

UCS -> UCR, UCS + CS, CS -> CR

Front 7

Define classical conditioning

Back 7

Neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that produces natural response, previously neutral stim now elicits same response

Front 8

Define food aversion

Back 8

When someone has a bad experience with a particular food and learns to strongly dislike it; occurs quickly

Front 9

Define extinction

Back 9

The learned response dies away afyer the CS is presented repeatedly without the UCS

Front 10

Define spontaneous recovery

Back 10

The resuming of an extinct behavior pattern; learning occurs much quicker

Front 11

Define stimulus generalization

Back 11

When the classically conditioned response is generalized to items that are similar to the CS (different bell tones but still tones)

Front 12

Define stimulus discrimination

Back 12

When the classically conditioned response is limited to a single stimulus, the organism distinguishes between stimuli (respond to only one bell tone)

Front 13

Define operant conditioning

Back 13

Uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior

Front 14

What are rewards and punishments?

Back 14

Consequences that influence the likelihood that the behaviors they follow will recur in the future

Front 15

Define reinforcement

Back 15

Something that strengthens a response

Front 16

Define positive reinforcement

Back 16

Something is given to a person or animal in order to strengthen the response, i.e., dessert for finishing veggies

Front 17

Define negative reinforcement

Back 17

Something is taken away to strengthen a response, i.e., removal of nagging

Front 18

Define a ratio schedule

Back 18

Rewarding after a number of good behaviors

Front 19

Define an interval schedule

Back 19

Rewarding after a certain amount of time with desirable behaviors

Front 20

Distinguish between fixed and variable interval reward scheduling

Back 20

Fixed is rewards after a fixed amount of time, i.e., paychecks every Fri; variable is after an uncertain amount of time has passed

Front 21

Distinguish between fixed and variable ratio reward scheduling

Back 21

Fixed is after a determinate amount of behaviors has occurred; variable is after a variable amount of behaviors

Front 22

Define continuous and intermittent reinforcement

Back 22

Continuous reinforces every correct behavior whereas intermittent reinforces the majority of correct behavior

Front 23

Define shaping

Back 23

Begins with rewarding basic behaviors, then rewarding only as proficiency increases

Front 24

Define Premack Principle

Back 24

Simply using a preferred activity as a reward

Front 25

Distinguish primary and secondary reinforcers

Back 25

Primary reinforcers are based on innate physical needs (food, sex) whereas secondary reinforcers are learned, like money, etc.

Front 26

Define punishment

Back 26

Intended to decrease negative behaviors

Front 27

Distinguish between positive and negative punishment

Back 27

Positive involves added an undesired action to discourage behaviors (verbal reprimand); negative involves taking away a desired action to discourage behaviors (grounding)