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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is apraxia?
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inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function
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What is amnesia?
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impaired memory
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What are the 4 a's of dementia?
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amnesia, apraxia, aphasia, agnosia
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What is aphasia?
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language disturbance
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What is agnosia?
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failure to recognize or identify objects
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Describe executive functioning is dementia.
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it is impaired, poor planning, sequencing, and abstracting
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Which type of memory is usually impaired first in dementia?
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short term before long term
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How is dementia different from delirium?
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usually no impairment of alertness, usually does not wax and wane (may have sundown), usually no autonomic arousal, usually not acute nor reversible
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Describe Alzheimer's dementia.
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most common dementia, about 50 -60% of all dementias, gradual onset and continuing cognitive decline, eventually fatal, prevalence increases with age, has a familial component, usually more prevalent and younger onset in those with Down's syndrome
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What are the risk factors for Alzheimer's?
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age, history of head injury, first degree relative with it, female, Down's,
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Describe vascular dementia.
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second most common dementia, 15-30%, also called multi infarct dementia, typically abrupt onset, may progress in stepwise fashion and get worse with subsequent infarcts, often have neurologic deficits with stroke,
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What are the risk factors for vascular dementia?
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same for those of vascular disease: males in 50's and 60s with HTN, ASCVD, smoker
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Describe Lewy Bodies dementia.
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much like alzheimer's, may have visual hallucinations and Parkinsonism
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Describe Pick's dementia.
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frontotemporal, disinhibition, language impairment
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Name some etiologies of dementia.
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HIV, Parkinson's, CJ disease, head trauma, substance induced (inhalants, PCP, amphetamine), and more!
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What is the most common cause of amnestic disorders?
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alcohol related
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What are amnestic disorders characterized by?
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inability to learn new information or recall previously learned information= memory loss!
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Describe Wernicke-Korsakoff amnestic disorder.
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caused by thiamine (B1) deficiency usually due to chronic alcoholism,
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What is the acute phase of WK disease?
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Wernicke's encephalopathy, it is characterized by triad:
confusion ataxia-can't keep balance opthalmoplegia |
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What is the chronic phase of WK disease?
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Korsakoff's and it is characterized by loss of immediate/short term memory, confabulation (making a big deal out of things that are really small), poor prognosis
GIVE PATIENTS THIAMIN BEFORE DO ANYTHING ELSE. |
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What does alexithymic mean?
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unable to describe subjective mood
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List the range of moods in increasingly happy order.
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Dysphoric, dysthymic, euthymic, elevated, euphoric
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Describe the range of affect.
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flat, blunted, restricted, full range, expansive, labile
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List the levels of consciousness for the mental status exam.
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comatose, stuporous, obtunded, confused, conscious alert
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What 5 areas of cognition does the MMSE test?
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orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language
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Describe the MMSE.
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used in clinical practice and research as a screening tool, 11 questions, max score=30, under 23 shows significant impairment
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What does the dorsolateral part of the frontal lobe control?
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executive functions
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What does the orbitofrontal part of the frontal lobe control?
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biological drives
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what does the medial part of the frontal lobe control?
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movement
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What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
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memory, learning, emotion, auditory processing
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What are the 2 parts of the limbic lobe and what are they responsible for?
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hippocampus-memory
amygdala-coord emotional states |
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What does parietal lobe control?
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body image/somatic sensation
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What does the occipital lobe control?
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vision
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What are the 4 structural components of the basal ganglia?
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the basal ganglia receives information from the cortex and projects it to the frontal lobes, the 4 parts are:
striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus |
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What disorders are associated with Dopamine?
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schizophrenia, parkinsons, mood disorders, substance abuse
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What does norepinephrine control?
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mood, anxiety, learning, memory, attention
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What is serotonin responsible for?
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mood, anxiety, sleep, sexuality, impulse control, aggression, psychotic sx
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What is Ach responsible for?
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cognitive functions, movement, sleep
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What is GABA associated with?
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anxiety
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What is glutamate associated with?
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schizophrenia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, memory formation
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What are neuropeptides responsible for?
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mood, anxiety, pain, addiction
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