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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three domains of justice?
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Corrective - Criminal
Distributive- giving people what they're due Transactional - trade law |
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What is casuistic law?
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Case-based law. (Goring ox)
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What is apodictic law?
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Law that commands things. Prescriptive
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What is property?
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An exclusive right to use, enjoy, and to transfer
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What are the 4 philosophical justifications of property rights?
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1. Property is acquired through just acquisition and transfer
2. Labor theory of property: Property arises out of your labor with nature therefore you have a right to fruits of your labor 3. Utilitarian: Property rights are good for people and society. Not absolute, but beneficial. 4. Aristotle defense: Man naturally seeks property in a natural state therefore property is natural, not as the end but as a means to the good life |
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What are the 3 philosophical critiques of property?
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1. Property is unfairly distributed because it doesn't recognize claims of everyone to finite goods.
2. Property rights are individualistic and don't account for community needs. 3. Property rights rationalize a system of force necessary to protect individual property. |
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What is eudaimonia?
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Flourishing literally. The purpose or telos of human life is to flourish.
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Who made it illegal to use yourself as collateral for debt in Athens?
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Solon
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What were Solon's 2 big judicial reforms?
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1. Right of third party prosecution
2. Right of appeal to a popular jury |
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What were the 3 challenges of the Sophists?
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1. Culture is an arbitrary system of beliefs (Thucydides story of the king)
2. Moral language is a disguise for self interest. (Thracymycus and Glauchon) 3. There are limits on human knowledge and therefore limits on moral claims (melian dialogue) |
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What are the 2 facets of Protagoras epistimological challenge?
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1. Can't know if gods exist due to lack of info "About the gods I can know nothing"
2. "Man is the measure of all things" There are no values except those which we know through experience |
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What is contract liberalism?
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Morality is an agreement between subjects
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What are 2 key socratic ideas?
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1. Happiness is virtue
2. All moral virtue is knowledge, cardinal values are a form of knowledge |
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What are the 2 challenges of Thrasymachus?
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1. There is no morality
2. All good is subjective |
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What are the 2 challenges of Glauchon?
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1. Human's always pursue self-interest
2. Justice is a compromise to maximize individual interests, nothing more than an agreement |
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What is the myth of Gyges?
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What would a man do with a ring that makes him invisible.
Glauchon thinks any man would do unjust things because there would be no consequences. Therefore the ultimate way to maximize pleasure is to be unjust but be good at hiding it. |
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What are the three groups in Plato's ideal Republic?
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1. Guardians: Ruling cohort, commitment to community. No private property or families. Solely devoted to public good and reason
2. Auxillaries: Brave, carry out the will of the Gaurdians 3. Workers: Lowest order, labor force |
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What are the 3 parts of man?
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1. Reason
2. Spirit 3. Appetite |
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Describe Plato's idealism.
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Ideas are the only real thing. (Story of the cave). Observable phenomena are just shadows of ideal forms. We should seek ideal cities, justice, morality etc.
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What are the 4 main points of Plato's view of justice?
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1. Just following the rules doesn't make you good.
2. The good is something the individual can become. 3. You should be good for good itself, not for the consequences. 4. We ought to organize society in such a way that it makes men be able to be be good. |
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What are Aristotle's 3 branches of knowledge?
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1. Theoretical: Produce knowledge for its own sake (math, physics)
2. Practical: Yield knowledge of action for what iis good. (ethics, philosophy) 3. Productive: Yield knowledge for producing useful things (construction) |
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What is the difference between essence and quality?
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Essence is the inherent things that make up an object while qualities are the characteristics of the essence of an object.
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Describe Aristotle's political naturalism.
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Aristotle believes that nature is full of purposes. If you are going to ask what the good of an object is you have to know its purpose. This good is objective and discoverable through human nature and reason.
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What are the 2 ideas about human purpose Aristotle holds?
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1. The function of a human being is a life of action belonging to the kind of soul that has reason
2. Not completely a contemplative search |
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What are Aristotle's virtue ethics?
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Not rule or duty based. Locates the nature of what is good within human qualities that produce actions.
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What is the theory of the mean?
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Virtues are a middle point between excess and deficiency.
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What Aristotle's 6 key claims?
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1. Use both observation and logic
2. Nature has purposes 3. Moral reasoning is based on purpose. 4. Humans have a nature ergo we have a pupose 5. Purposes must exist for their own sake 6. Human exellence is achieved through virtue |
