Psych Midterm 2

Front 1

Memort

Back 1

The ability to retain knowledge

Front 2

Encoding

Back 2

The transformation of information from one form to another

Front 3

Storage

Back 3

The retention of information

Front 4

Retrieval

Back 4

The recovery of stored information

Front 5

Sensory Memory

Back 5

Holds large amounts of incoming data for brief amounts of time (1 second or less)

Front 6

Visual Codes

Back 6

(Iconic memories) represent visual images

Front 7

Acoustic codes

Back 7

(Echoic memories) represent sounds and words

Front 8

Haptic codes

Back 8

Used to process touch and other body senses

Front 9

Short term memory

Back 9

holds small amount of information for a limited amount of time (30 seconds at most)

Front 10

Rehearsal

Back 10

Increased memory through repetition

Front 11

Memory capacity

Back 11

The magic number is 7 +- 2

Front 12

Chunking

Back 12

Combining small bits of info into large clusters

Front 13

Working Memory

Back 13

An extension of the concept of short term memory that includes active manipulation of multiple types of info simultaneously

Front 14

Long Term Memory

Back 14

Holds unlimited amount of information for an unlimited amount of time

Front 15

Levels of processing theory

Back 15

More likely to recall info processed on deeper level

Front 16

Serial Position effect

Back 16

The likelihood that an item on a word list will be remembered depends on its position in the list

Front 17

Primacy effect

Back 17

Superior recall for the first items on a list (LTM)

Front 18

Recency effect

Back 18

Superior recall for the last items on a list (WM)

Front 19

Patient H.M.

Back 19

Able to remember small amount of info for a few seconds but experienced extreme difficulty storing in LTM

Front 20

Declarative Memory

Back 20

Consciously retrieved memory that is easy to verbalize

Front 21

Semantic memory

Back 21

Associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world (trivia)

Front 22

Episodic memory

Back 22

Memory for personal experiences

Front 23

Autobiographical Memory

Back 23

Includes semantic or episodic memories that reference the self

Front 24

Hyperthymesia

Back 24

Superior memory of autobiographical events

Front 25

Non declarative memory

Back 25

Unconscious effortlessly retrieved memory that is difficult to verbalize

Front 26

Procedural Memory

Back 26

Gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice

Front 27

Priming

Back 27

Change in response to a stimulus as a result of previous stimulus

Front 28

Declarative memories

Back 28

Cerebral cortex. Semantic, episodic, autobiographical

Front 29

Nondeclarative memories

Back 29

Basal ganglia, procedural memories

Front 30

Spreading Activation Model

Back 30

A connectionist theory proposing that people organize general knowledge based on their individual experiences

Front 31

Schema

Back 31

A set of expectations about objects and situations

Front 32

Cue

Back 32

Any stimulus that helps you access target information

Front 33

Encoding Specificity

Back 33

A process by which memories incorporate unique combinations of information when encoded

Front 34

Reconstruction

Back 34

Rebuilding a memory out of shared elements

Front 35

Source monitoring

Back 35

When where and how a memory is acquired

Front 36

Flashbulb memory

Back 36

Very vivid detailed memory of emotional event

Front 37

Forgetting

Back 37

Decrease in ability to remember previously formed memory

Front 38

Decay

Back 38

A reduction in the ability to retrieve rarely used info over time

Front 39

Interference

Back 39

Competition between newer and older info in memory

Front 40

Proactive interference

Back 40

Earlier learning impairs later acquired info

Front 41

Retroactive Interference

Back 41

Later learning impairs memory acquired earlier

Front 42

Motivating forgetting

Back 42

Failure to retrieve unpleasant or threatening information

Front 43

Confabulation

Back 43

Confusion between real and imagined memories

Front 44

Long Term potentiation

Back 44

Enhancement of communication between 2 neurons resulting from synchronous activation

Front 45

Acetylcholine

Back 45

Appears important for encoding new information, alzheimers comes from degeneration

Front 46

Glutamate

Back 46

Also involved in memory information

Front 47

Learning

Back 47

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Front 48

Reflexes

Back 48

Inevitable involuntary responses to stimuli

Front 49

Instincts

Back 49

Inborn patterns of behavior elicited by environmental stimuli

Front 50

Non associative learning

Back 50

Involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a stimulus

Front 51

Habituation

Back 51

Reduces our reactions to repeated experiences that are unchanging and harmless

Front 52

Sensitization

Back 52

Increases our reactions to many stimuli following exposure to one strong stimulus