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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Individual-Difference Psychology
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In what ways do people differ from one another?
What causes these differences? What are the consequences of these differences? |
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The Normal Distribution
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normal curve, bell curve
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variance
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sum of squared deviations from the mean
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standard deviation
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square root of variance
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If all sources of variation are removed...
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everyone has the same score.
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Gregor Mendel
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Austrian monk
Established the "laws of inheritance" These laws tend not to work for personality and other complex human traits. |
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phenotype
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The expression of a gene.
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genotype
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The genetic makeup of a gene.
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Most behavioral/psychological traits are...
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dimensional
NOT categorical |
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dimensional
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displays continuous variation in a population
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For complex human traits, think of phenotypes as...
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the expression of multiple genes
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For complex human traits, think of alleles as...
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making a small, additive contribution to phenotypic variation.
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Space-Change Genome
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Eight coins (two of each). Each type of coin represents a gene locus. Each individual coin is an allele (one from each parent).
All the genes code for the same particular trait (ex. frugality). Heads you have it, tails you don't. |
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polygenic traits
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ex. Spare-Change Genome
fit the Normal Curve |
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complex behavioral traits
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partly due to the actions of multiple polymorphic genes
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polymorphic
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more than one version (allele) of the gene exists
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developmental environments influence traits
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Some people have lots/little exposure to trait-enhancing environments. Most are somewhere in between.
fit the Normal Curve |
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sources of phenotypic variance
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genetic
environmental |
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heritability (h2)
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the proportion of phenotypic variation in a sample that can be attributed to genetic influences
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environmentality (1 - h2)
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variation attributable to the environment
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