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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stress and Health Health Psychology |
How psychological principles affect prevention and treatment of physical illnesses |
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Stress and Health
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Physiological response of the body to Psychological demands |
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Stress and Health Stressors (List) |
1. Daily Hassles 2. Conflict 3. Negative Life Changes 4. Catastrophes 5. Pressures |
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Stress and Health General Adaptation Syndrome (3 Stages) |
Stage 1: Alarm Reaction Stage 2: Resistance Stage 3: Exhaustion |
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Stress and Health Stress Causes (physiological) |
1. Increased Heart Rate/ Blood Pressure 2. Increased Cholesterol Build Up in Arteries 3. Suppression of Immune System |
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Stress and Health Stress Causes (emotional) |
1. Negative Emotional Arousal 2. Emotions Depend on Cognitive Appraisal |
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Stress and Health Stress Causes (behavioral) ((healthy vs. unhealthy)) |
1. Unhealthy: Attack others, Give up, Overindulge, Use Defense Mechanisms 2. Healthy: Constructive Coping |
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Stress and Health Handling Stress Physiological Reactivity |
How one responds physiologically to stress |
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Stress and Health Handling Stress Physiological Reactivity (Affected by) |
1. Exercise 2. Sex 3. Stimulants |
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Stress and Health Handling Stress Cognitive Interventions |
1. Cognitive Appraisal 2. Placebo 3. Positive Thinking 4. Imagery in Kids |
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Stress and Health Handling Stress Perceived Control |
If we think we have control, we are less susceptible to illness |
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Stress and Health Handling Stress |
Sense of Humor Social Support Pets? Lifestyle (risks, risk taking) Other unhealthy behav. (smoking, drinking, not eating right) |
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Stress and Health Formal Coping Mechanisms for Stress |
1. Relaxation Training 2. Biofeedback 3. Healthy Behaviors (exercise, good diet, sleep, etc.) |
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Developmental Psychology Physical Development Influences on Prenatal Development |
Genetic Environmental |
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Developmental Psychology Physical Development Later Maturation |
Physical Changes (puberty) Psychological effects of physical changes |
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Developmental Psychology Basic Ideas Nature vs. Nurture |
Do genetics or our environment play a larger role in determining who we are? |
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Developmental Psychology Basic Ideas Data Collection Methods |
Cross-Sectional: Take a cross-section of people now Longitudinal: Follow one group for a long time |
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Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development Piaget Sensorimotor |
0-2 y/o 1. Response to the world is almost entirely sensory and motor 2. By end: Intentional Behavior, Beginning of Language, Object Permanence |
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Object Permanence |
The understanding that objects exist even when we cannot see them |
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Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development Piaget Preoperations |
2-5 y/o 1. Egocentricism 2. Cannot distinguish between wishful thinking and reality 3. Centration |
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Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development Piaget Concrete Operations |
6-12 y/o 1. Able to conserve 2. Can reason about events that haven't happened 3. More systematic problem solving |
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Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development Piaget Formal Operations |
11-12+ y/o 1. Develop abstract thinking 2. Contrary-to-fact thinking 3. Systematic problem solving 4. Understand symbol of symbols |
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Egocentricism |
The belief that everyone sees the world in his/her way |
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Centration |
Pay attention to perceptually salient dimension, neglect other possibly relevant information |
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Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development Adolescent and Adult Cognitive Development |
Self-Consciousness Critical of others Pseudostupidity |
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Pseudostupidity |
The failure to see the obvious because adolescents make simple tasks more complicated than they really are |
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Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development Mid/Late Adulthood cog. dev. |
With age, people tend to decline in fluid intelligence, and remain stable or increase crystallized intelligence |
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Fluid Intelligence |
Capacity to apply intellectual ability to new situations |
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Crystallized Intelligence |
Accumulation of facts, info, and knowledge that comes with education/experience |
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Developmental Psychology Psychosocial Development Attachment (def.) |
Using a person as a safe base from which to explore the world, as a source of comfort during distress, and for encouragement |
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Developmental Psychology Psychosocial Development Social Interactions |
1. Development of Friendships 2. Need to Belong (peer pressure) 3. Relationship w/ parents changes |
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Developmental Psychology Psychosocial Development Identity (def.) |
Definitions people use to help distinguish themselves from others |
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Developmental Psychology Psychosocial Development Influences on Identity |
1. Cultural Influences 2. Group Identity (sex, sexual orientation, ethnicity) 3. Genetics 4. Other exp. |
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Social Psychology How We Perceive the World First Impressions |
We are on our own best behavior, and we know that the other party is also
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Social Psychology How we Perceive the World Attributions |
Explanations of Behavior |
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Social Psychology How we Perceive the World Stereotyping |
People naturally categorize others into groups and associate traits w/ said groups |
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Social Psychology Attitudes Formation of Attitudes |
1. Classical Conditioning 2. Operant Conditioning 3. Social Learning (media, parents, role models) |
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Social Psychology Attitudes Components of Attitude |
1. Cognitive (belief about an object) 2. Emotional (feelings evoked by object) 3. Behavioral (tendencies to act a certain way towards object) |
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Social Psychology Prejudice Components of Prejudice |
1. Stereotypes (cognitive) beliefs about a group 2. Prejudice (affective) eval. person based on group membership 3. Discrimination (behavioral) acceptance or rejection of person based upon group membership |
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Social Psychology Prejudice Theories of Prejudice |
1. Social Learning 2. Group Conflict Theories 3. Social Categorization 4. Salience (vivid cases) 5. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy |
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Social Psychology Prejudice Reducing Prejudice in Individual |
1. Identify Prejudices 2. Watch for Inflexible Categories 3. Use Learning tools to reinforce new attitude 4. Occasionally reassess |
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Social Psychology Prejudice Reducing Prejudice in a Group |
Contact Theory: intergroup contact decreases hostility when contact meets 3 conditions: 1. Close Contact 2. Cooperative Interdependance 3. Contact must be of equal (perceived) status |
