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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who is known as the father of psychology?
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Who was it that believed that careful, structured parenting could prevent most psychological problems from ever happening?
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John B. Watson
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Who was it that developed one of the first comprehensive theories of personality?
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Sigmund Freud
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Who is the most famous humanist that saw all people as being worthwhile beings with their own free will and choice?
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Carl Rogers
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Who was it that suggested that all animals, including humans had evolved and changed over time?
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Charles Darwin
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Who was the professor and philosopher at Harvard who was one of the founders of American Psychology?
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William James
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who believed that people are controlled by the environment in the sense that we actually become whatever the environment forces us to be, Good or bad?
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B.F. Skinner
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What is the name of the group that represents the larger group?
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Sample
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What is the name of the method of research that involves asking subjects questions about their feelings, opinions, and behavior patterns?
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Survey
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What is the research method called that involves studying subject without their being aware that they're being watched?
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Naturalistic Observation
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What is the method of research called that is designed to prevent the personal bias of the researcher from distorting the conclusions that are being reached?
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Scientific Method
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What is a "medicine" called that has no active ingredients and works by the power of suggestions?
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Placebo
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What is the statement of the results which the experimenter expects to find called?
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Hypothesis
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What is the method of research called that studies the same group of people over an extended period of time?
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Longitude Method
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What are the four main ethical considerations of Experimentation?
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1. Subjects must always have the rights to decline at any time
2. Openness and honesty are essential 3. Information obtained about the subject must remain confidential 4. The experimenter has the duty assess carefully the possibility of any potential risks. |
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What is the name of the limbic system structure that is involved in emotion, especially aggression?
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Amygdala
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What is the part of the lower brain called that coordinates and organizes bodily movements for balance and accuracy?
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Cerebellum
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What are all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord called?
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Peripheral Nervous System
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What is the part of the lower brain called that functions primarily as a central relay station for incoming and outgoing messages from the body to the brain and the brain back to the body?
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Thalamus
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What is the part of the lower brain called that regulates basic needs such as hunger and thirst and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality?
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Hypothalamus
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What is the name of the limbic system structure that is involved in forming memories?
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Hippocampus
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What is the brain and spinal cord a part of?
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Central Nervous System
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What is the part of the brain that is common to both animals and humans that regulates basic functions such as breathing?
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Lower Brain
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What is the outermost layer of the brain called that controls the higher level mental processes such as thought?
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Cerebral Cortex
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What are the large bundles of nerve fibers called that transfer information from one half of the cerebral cortex to the other?
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Corpus Callosum
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Compare and Contrast Adrenaline and Metabolism?
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Adrenaline is a chemical that prepares the body for emergency activities. Metabolism is the speed at which the body uses up energy.
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Compare and Contrast Androgen and Estrogen?
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Androgen is the male sex hormone and estrogen is the female sex hormone. They are both sex hormones.
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What is a perceptual cue called that involves grouping like things together?
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Similarity
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What is the perceptual cue called that involves grouping together things that are near one another?
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Proximity
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What are the odor chemical called that communicate a message?
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Phermones
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What is the ability to perceive an object as the same color regardless of the environment?
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Color Constancy
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What is the ability to retain the size of an object regardless of where it is located called?
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Size Constancy
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What is the ability to perceive an object as having the same shape regardless of the angle at which it is seen?
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Shape Constancy
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What is the process of receiving information from the environment called?
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Sensation
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What is the ability to keep an object in the environment steady by perceiving either ourselves or outside objects as moving?
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Space Constancy
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What is the ability to keep an objects brightness constant as the object is moved to various environments?
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Brightness Constancy
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What is the gradual loss of attention to unneeded or unwanted sensory information called?
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Adaption
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What are the five human senses?
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1.Vision
2. Hearing 3. Touch 4. Smell 5. Taste |
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What is the theory of emotion called that proposes that the bodily reaction and the emotional responses to and event occur at the same time?
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Cannon-Bard Theory
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What is the theory called that states that the presence of one emotion triggers it's opposite, which then emerges somewhat later?
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Opponent-Process Theory
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What is the theory of emotion that was proposed by Stanley Schachter called that states that people label a bodily response by giving it the name of the emotion they think they are feeling?
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Cognitive Theory
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the theory of emotion that proposes that first the body responds and then one feels the emotion?
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James-Lange Theory
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What is the bodily process of maintaining a balanced internal state called?
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Homeostasis
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What is the state of the body called which causes feelings such as hope, fear, or love?
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Emotion
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What is the drive to seek a goal such as food, water or friends called?
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Motivation
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Name the Order of Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs...
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1.Self Actualization
2. Self Esteem 3. Love, Affection, and Acceptedness 4. Safety 5. Biological and Physiological needs |
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What are the fairly relaxed brainwaves called that occur in stage 1, just before we go to sleep?
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Alpha Waves
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What are the rapid brain waves called that appear when a person is awake?
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Beta Waves
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What are the slow, lazy, deep-sleep brain waves called?
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Delta Waves
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What are thoughts or desires called about which we have no direct knowledge?
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Unconscious
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What is the organism's awareness of, or possibility of knowing what is happening inside or outside itself called?
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Consciousness
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What is the consciousness that lies just below our present awareness called?
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Subconscious
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What are the three reasons why we dream?
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1. To Process Information
2. To work out any unsolved problems 3. To make sense of random stimulation to the brain |
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What is a response to a stimulus called that is brought about by learning? (a bell)
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Conditioned Response
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What is an automatic response to a particular natural stimulus such as salivation to meat called?
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Unconditioned Response
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Who was the man that became famous for his experiments with salivating dogs and Classical Conditioning?
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Ivan Pavlov
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What is a schedule called in which reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed following a fixed amount of time?
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Fixed Interval Schedule
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What is a schedule called in which reinforcements occur after a desired act is performed in a specific but variable number of times?
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Variable Ration Schedule
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What is a schedule called in which reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed following a variable amount of time?
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Variable Interval Schedule
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What kind of reinforcement is not given each time an act is performed?
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Partial Reinforcement Schedule
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What is a schedule called in which reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a fixed number of times?
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Fixed Ratio Schedule
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What are four types of learning?
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1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning 3. Social Learning 4. Cognitive Approach |
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What is the name of the mood disorder that involves high and low moods?
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Bipolar Disorder
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What is the name of the mood disorder that involves extreme agitation, restlessness, rapid speech, and trouble concentrating?
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Mania
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What is a dissociative disorder called in which traumatic events seem to disappear from memory?
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Amnesia
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What is a dissociative disorder in which a person divides himself or herself into separate personalities that can act independently?
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Fugue
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What is a psychosis called that involves disorganized thoughts and garbled speech as well as hallucinations and delusions; the most serious of mental disorders?
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Schizophrenia
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What is a person called who has an antisocial personality disorder?
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Sociopath
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In what type of schizophrenia is it characterized by disturbances of movement?
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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What is schizophrenia called that lacks distinguishing symptoms?
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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
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In what type of Schizophrenia is it marked by strong feelings of suspiciousness and persecution?
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Paranoid Schizophrenia
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What is a symptom called that involves repeated symbolic, ritualized behavior?
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Compulsion
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What anxiety disorder is characterized by both repetitive thoughts and ritualized, repetitive behavior?
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OCD
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What is a symptom called that is characterized by an endless preoccupation with a certain urge or thought?
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Obsession
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