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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Feeding
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Timing "on demand" feeding advised
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Breast Milk Advantages
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passes antibodies
Mother/child closeness Correct proportion of sugars and fats Promotes good jaw and teeth development |
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Smiling and Interaction
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-Incapable of social smiles until 2 months
-Motherese-simple, high pitched sentences |
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Quiet alertness
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Regular breathing,focused.
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Active Alertness
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Makes noise, moves and interacts with environment, heavy and irregular breathing, attention switched, flushed skin
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Distressed Alterness
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crying, rigid and tense, pink flushed, kicking (2.5 hrs)
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Drowsiness
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Can't keep eyes open-open/shutting, not much activity, slow breathing (1hr)
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Sleeping Actively
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Moving, deep breaths once in awhile, REM sleep (8hrs)
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Deep Sleep
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Important, regular heavy breathing, no activity, sleep cycle not set yet
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Reflex:
Why important? |
Specific involuntary response to specific types of stimulation
EX:sucking-rooting-for feeding (1m) palmar grasp-grasp in palms (4m) -survival-sucking for milk -help parents/kids interact -Abnormal reflexes is sign of brain damage |
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Taste and Smell
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Babies prefer sweet because of breast milk
-natural smell of mother -can detect mothers smell of breast milk |
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Touch
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well developed at birth,highly sensitive to pain
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Hearing
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Sensitive to loud noises
-knows mothers voice (between 4-7 m,infants have musical phrasing |
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Vision
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Visual acuity-how far they can see
-20/600-1 foot away clearly -ability to recognize mothers face -1 day old-change sucking looking at pic of mother -Prefers patterns that are symmetrical-human face,color |
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Myelination
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Process where axons are covered with myelin-which increases the speed
-happens in womb -than in 3-5yrs of life and continuing -last is prefrontal cortex |
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Cerebral Cortex
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Surrounds the brain-outer most layer
-most plastic in first few years |
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Synaptic Pruning
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Neurons that are stimulated that lose their synapses.
-returns neurons not needed at the moment to an uncommitted state so they can support future development |
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Cell Differentiation
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In cortex-neurons assuming specialized functions.
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2 Growth patterns for body development
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Cephalocaudal Trend-head starts disproportion
Proximodistal-development starts inward then moves out...can control arms before hands, hands before fingers. skull growth muscles increase in length and thickness as we age |
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Fine Motor
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prereaching-swiping at something-7wks
Ulnar Grasp-Claw like grip-28 wks Pincer Grasp-use thumb/forefinger reach for little things-52 wks |
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Gross Motor
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Lots of variability
1.sits without support 2.stands with assistance 3.hands/knees crawling 4.walk with assistance 5.Stands alone 6.Walks alone |
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Maturational Viewpoint
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Unfolding and genetic programmed sequences of events
-infants all around go through this sequence |
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Experiental Hypothesis
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Maturation is necessary but not sufficient
-neglected orphans confined to cribs-no motor skills |
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Dynamical Systems Theory
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-children master motor skills
-work as system-seperate abilities build on each other -New skills built from previous ones. |
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Classical Conditioning
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Pre learning phase:
unconditioned stimulus-breast milk conditioned Response-sucking Neutral Stimulus-touch head -after awhile child will suck if forehead is rubbed even when there is no milk. |
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Operant conditioning
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sequence:
infant exhibits particular behavior specific stimulus follows behavior Behavior changes in result of stimulus positive reaction-reinforce-increase neg reaction-punishes-decrease |
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Brain Development
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Dev.of Neurons.
-increase neural density -increase in size/complexity dendrites -synaptogenesis increases in number of synapses -infants have 150% more synapses than adults |
