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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Culture
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The entire way of life of a group of people
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Ethnocentrism
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Principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than your own are abnormal or inferior
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Cultural Relativism
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Principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms rather than judging based on your own culture
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Material Culture
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physical objects to which we give social meaning
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Symbolic Culture
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ideas associated with a cultural group; intangible elements of culture; five main categories: SIGNS/SYMBOLS, LANGUAGE, NORMS, VALUES, BELIEFS
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Signs
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something designed to meaningfully represent something else
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Language
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Organized set of symbols
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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Idea that language structures the thought and the ways of looking at the world are embedded in language.
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Values
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set of shared beliefs that a group of ppl consider whorthwhile or desirable in life (what's good/bad)
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Norms
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rules or guidelines regarding what kinds of behavior are accepted and appropiated within a culture
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Laws
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Common type of formally defined norm
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Folkway
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looselly enforced norms that are common practices (shaking hands, waving goodbye, ect)
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More
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Great moral significant norm, stonger sanctions (theft, rape, ect.....things that break laws!)
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Taboo
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A norm ingrained so deeply taht even thinking about violatin it evokes strong feelings of disgust/horror (cannibalism, incest, ect.)
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Sanctions
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positive or negative reactions to the way ppl follow or disobey norms
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Hegemony
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term developed by Antonio Gramsci to describe the cultural aspects of social control; the ideas of the dominant social group are accepted by all of society
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Subculture
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a culture within a culture; group with distinctive values, norms, and lifestye (Korean Americans, senior citizens, college students, ect)
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Counterculture
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a kind of subgroup whose norms and values differ or in direct opposition to the mainstream (activist groups, protestors, ect)
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Culture Wars
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clashes within mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld; frequently played out in the media (politics, ect)
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Ideal Culture
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the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that memebers of a society believe should be observed in principle
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Real Culture
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the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that actually exsist in a society
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Technology
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material artifacts and the knowledge and techniques needed to use them
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Technological Determinism
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the notion that developments in technology provide the primary driving force behind social change
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Cultural Imperialism
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impostion of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through mass media and consumer products rather than my military force
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Nature v. Nurture
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ongoing discussion of the respective roles of genetics and socialization in determining individual behaviors and traits
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Socialization
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the process of learning adn internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group by which we become functionaling members of society
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Feral Children
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in myths and rare real world cases, children who have had little human contact and may have lived in the wild from a young age (Mowgli, George of the Jungle, ect)
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Self
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an individual's conscious, reflexive experience of their personal identity that differs from others
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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SIGMUND FREUD; the idea of of the subconscioius and unconscious mind which he believes controls most of our drives, impulses, thoughts, ect.
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The Looking Glass
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CHARLES COOLEY; refers to the notion that the self develops through our perception of other's evaluations adn apraisals
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Mind, Self, Society
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GEORGE HERBERT MEAD; expanded Cooley's theory, believed tha the self was developed through social interactions starting in childhood
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Preparatory Stage
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first stage of Mead's theory; simple imitation (smiling back at someone)
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Play Stage
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second stage of Mead's theory; pretending, taking on roles,children begin to see themselves as something others look at and judge
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Game Stage
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third stage of Mead's theory; children my generalized games with rules and take on generalized roles
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Generalized Other
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the perspectives and expectations that children learn and takes into account when shaping their own behavior
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Dual Natureof the Self
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MEAD: "I" vs. "Me"; "I" is how you percieve yourself and the "me" is how others percieve you
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Dramaturgy
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ERVING GOFFMAN; a social interaction where individuals take on roles and act them act to an audience
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Define the Situation
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GOFFMAN; an agreement over "what is going on" in a given circumstance
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Impression Management
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GOFFMAN; the efffort to control the impression we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation
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Resocialization
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the process of replacing previously learned norms and values with a new perception
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Status
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postion in society that comes wtih set expectations
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Ascribed Status
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one we are born with that is unlikely to change
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Achieved Status
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one we have earned through individual effort or that is imposed by others
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Master Status
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status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses we possess (stereotyping)
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Roles
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behaviors expected form a particular status
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