Psych Chapter 7 Quiz

Front 1

Using the story of Pavlov’s dogs, identify and give an example of two of the four elements of classical conditioning.

Back 1

-Unconditioned Stimuli= food
-Conditioned Stimuli= bell

Front 2

Describe stimulus generalization and give an example.

Back 2

Stimulus generalization is when you have a tendency to produce a conditioned response when you see a similar stimuli
For example: you may at first be scared of a rat but then you become scared of anything that has four legs and is an animal.

Front 3

Describe two possible explanations for the decrease in responding observed during extinction. Describe which explanation the phenomena spontaneous recovery supports.

Back 3

1. Unlearned- because you stop seeing the second part to the first (aka not seeing thunder after lightning).
2. Replaced- you learn a different response. You may learn that when you see lightning you may not always see thunder afterwards
-This one supports spontaneous recovery

Front 4

Describe and give an example of shaping.

Back 4

Shaping- reinforcers that guide behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal.
Example: • If you are trying to get a dog to open the fridge by pulling on the rope attached to the hand. You reward him when he goes near the fridge and then when that is consistently done you reward him when gets near the rope. Then when he touches the rope, next when he touches, then bites, etc until the behavior is performed.

Front 5

Describe and give an example of two kinds of operant conditioning.

Back 5

-Positive Reinforcement= add something to the situation (parent gives reward)
-Positive Punishment= add something to the situation (parent yells at child)

Front 6

Describe the four schedules of reinforcement.

Back 6

There is fixed ratio, fixed behavior, variable ratio, and variable behavior.
Fixed (continuous) (random) Variable
Ratio (Behavior)
All the time
Behavior is being reinforced Some of the time
Behavior (slot machine)
Interval (Time passed) All the time
Set time passes Some of the time
Random amount of time passes

Front 7

Describe two major drawbacks associated with using physical punishment to modify behavior.

Back 7

1. The child may learn fear and hatred instead of behavior
2. Models aggression as a method of dealing with problems.

Front 8

Describe the classical conditioning components (i.e., CS, US, UR, CR) of taste aversion.

Back 8

o CS-Taste the food
o +
o US-Nausa
o UR/CR- Feel sick
o Then you make the relationship of that food to making you feel sick

Front 9

Describe and give an example of latent learning.

Back 9

Latent Learning- is when the learning is not apparent until a reward is given
Example:• Example: A passenger in a carpool learns the route to work each day through observation, but does not exhibit that knowledge until it is necessary for him to drive the same route.