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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
schedule of reinforcement
a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered
Fixed Ratio FR
a reinforcer is delivered after n responses

stop and go pattern
post reinforcement pause
ex. factory piecework
Variable Ratio VR
on average a subject will receive on reinforcer for every n responses

rapid steady pattern
no pause
ex. hitting on people, slot machine
Fixed Interval FI
the first response after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is reinforced.

scallop pattern
ex. checking for bus... start checking more frequently as time elapses
Variable Interval VI
the amount of time that must pass before a reinforcer is stored varies unpredictably from reinforcer to reinforcer.

moderate steady pattern
waiting for call email from lover... could be next!
resistance to extinction:
the degree to which a response continues when it is no longer reinforced
partial reinforcement effect:
extinction is more rapid after CRF that after a schedule of intermittent reinforcement
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)
a response is reinforced if and only if a certain amount of time has elapsed since the previous response.
Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH)
a certain number of responses must occur within a fixed amount of time

ex. 10 responses in 3 sec or less
Chained Schedule:
subject must complete the requirement for 2 or more simple schedules in a fixed sequence and is schedule is signaled by a diff stimulus
Concurrent Schedule:
Subject is presented with 2 or more response alternatives each associated with its own reinforcement schedule.

ex. one lever=FR5 other lever=FR25
Determinants of Reinforced Responding:
1)Quality of Reinforcement: (more responding for a higher quality)
2)Rate of Reinforcement:(more responding for richer reinforcement schedule)
3)Delay of Reinforcement:(Response weakens with greater delays)
4)Amount of Reinforcement: (more responding for larger quantity)
5)Response Effort: (More effort reduces responding)
6) Level of Motivation: (level of deprivation/satiation)
Contingency Shaped Behavior
behavior that is controlled by the schedule of reinforcement or punishment
Rule Governed Behavior
controlled by verbal or mental rules about how to behave.
Establishing Operation:
any operator that changes status of stimulus as reinforcer/punisher

ex. EO = cold weather to put on slippers
Extinction in Operant Conditioning:
the reinforcer is no longer contingent upon responding, so responding decreases across time and eventually disappears
5 Side effects of Extinction:
Extinction Burst = initial increase before decrease
Spontaneous Recovery = reappearance of responding after amt of time away from situation
Disinhibition = reappearance in novel context
Extinction Induced Aggression
Resurgence
(Resurgence) Creative Problem Solving:
Epsteins work:
Phase A: reinforcement for box pushin
Phase B: extinguished pushing box, reinforced banana pecking
Phase C:banana out of reach, but box is available.
result= pushing box to get banana
Operant Conditioning in Children with Autism:
1) Conduct Functional Analysis
2) Design Step by Step curriculum
3) Arrange a data collection system
4)Prompting
5)Fading

based on functional reinforcers
token economies:
earning tokens for desired behaviors later exchangeable for other reinforcers
Organizational Behavior Management:
improves human performance in the workplace.
Family Therapy:
contingency contract: written agreement listing desired behavior and reinforcers
makes contingencies explicit and encourages compliance.