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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thinking
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the mainipulation of mental representation of info.
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Algorithm
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-it applied appropriatly gurantees solution to a problem
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Concepts
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-Are cattegories of events, objects that share common properties
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-Transformation problem
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-Consist of intial state a goaland a method for changing the intial state into goal state
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-Trial and error
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-Trying different approaches
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means end analysis
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-Tests for different between desired outcome
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Prototypes
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-Correspond to mental image or best example of concept.
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Heuristic
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-a cognitive shotcut lead to correct solutuons it enahnces success
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Arrangement problems
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-The problem solver to rearange or recombine elements
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Inducing Elements
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-A person must identify the existing relationship
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Mental Images
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-Representations in the mind of an object or an event.
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Problem solving
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-Many people solve puzzle the same way they solve life situations
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Steps in solving problems
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-Preperation=understanding and diagnosing problems
-Production=Generating solutions -Judgments=evaluating solutions |
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Functional fixedness
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-the tendenvy to think of an object only in terms of its typical use.
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Mental Set
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- The tendency for old patterns of problems solving to persist .
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Confermation bias
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-in which problem solver favor initial hypotheses and ignore contradictory info that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.
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Creativity
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-The ability to generate original ideas or solve problems in novel ways
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divergent
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the ability to generate unusual yet nonetheless appropriate responses to problems or questions
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Convergent thinking
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the ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic
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Language
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the communivation of info through symbols arranged according to systematic rules
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Grammar
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the system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed
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Phonology
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the study of the smallest units of speech called phonemes
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phonemes
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-the smallest unit of speech
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syntax
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ways in which words and phrases can be combined to form sentences
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babble
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meaningless speechlike sounds made by children from around the age of 3 months through 1 year
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Telegraphic speech
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sentences in which words not critical to the message ore left out
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overgeneratlization
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the phenomenon by which children apply language urles even when the application results in an error
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Learning-theory approach
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-the theory suggesting that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning
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universal grammer
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Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a common understanding structure
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language-acqisition device
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-a neural system of the brain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky to permit understanding of language
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