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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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personality
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behavioral, emotional, and cognitive characteristics that differ among individuals and are relatively stable across space and time
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type theory
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individuals are classified as being either one type or another
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Hippocrates' Type Theory
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body fluids or humors determine personality
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choleric
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yellow bile; violent, aggressive, angry
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melancholic
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black bile; depressed and moody
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phlegmatic
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phlegm; sluggish, relaxed, dull
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sanguine
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blood; outgoing, fun loving, passionate
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Trait Theory
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individuals have a variety of personality traits to some degree
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Hans Eysenck's Three-Trait Theory
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extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
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Extraversion
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seeks company of others, lively, engages in conversation and social behavior, 10% of population
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Introversion
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avoids company of others, shy, prefer books to people; 10% of population
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Neuroticism
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anxious, worried, frequently feels guilty, physical problems with a psychological cause, greater activation levels in limbic system; emotional system more sensitive and reacts more strongly to stress
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emotional stability
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relaxed, at peace, satisfied with life
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psychoticism
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aggressive, ego centric, antisocial
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self control
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kind, considerate, obedient of laws and rules
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extraversion-intraversion and diurnal rhythym
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brief SAT test. introverts performed better in the morning with no caffeine and in the evening with caffeine. extroverts were the opposite
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self-report tests
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unambiguous stimuli that require true-false, multiple choice answers; responses are constrained by test design; easy to discern socially desirable answers
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Sigmund Freud's Psychodynamic Theory
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understands causes of behavior as existing in unconscious mind
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free association
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technique of psychoanalysis where the patient lays on the couch and says whatever comes to his/her mind; takes several weeks to master this skill
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3 levels of the mind
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unconscious, preconscious, conscious
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unconscious mind
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out of awareness and recognition; inaccessible
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preconscious
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out of current awareness but is easily accessible; contains material recognizable to the individual
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conscious
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present conscious awareness; recognizable
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3 parts of the mind
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id, ego, super-ego
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id
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primitive; motivated by sexual and aggressive impulses; functions using pleasure principle(obtain pleasure, avoid pain); only in unconscious; only part present at birth; limbic system and midbrain
thanatos- desire to be at complete peace eros- sexual instinct |
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ego
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rational, problem-solving; reality principle(satisfy demand in a realistic manner); all 3 parts of the mind; cerebral cortex
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super-ego
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composed of conscious(right versus wrong) and ego-ideal(what a person would like to be); all 3 parts of mind; cerebral cortex
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mental health
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ego pleases id without offending super-ego
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libido
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sexual or life energy through which the parts of the mind operate
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defense mechanisms
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defend against anxiety that occurs in response to unacceptable impulses from the id that try to break into conscious awareness
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repression
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impulses are locked away deep in the unconscious mind
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sublimation
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sexual energy is converted into achievement-oriented activities
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rationalization
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a good reason for bad behavior
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wish fulfillment
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self-satisfying fantasy
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psychosexual stages of development
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oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
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oral stage
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0-2; fixation results in maladaptive oral habits; dependent personality
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anal stage
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2-3; fixation results in obsessive-compulsive personality; stingy
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phallic stage
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4-5; Oedipal and Electra complexes; seduction theory controversy; fixation results in homosexuality, asexuality, sexual inhibition, phobias
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latent stage
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5-11
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genital stage
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12-adult; become sexually active; puberty
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projective personality tests
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derived from psychodynamic theory; uses ambiguous stimuli (inkblots, pictures); difficult for patients to discern socially desirable answers
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3 determinants of personality
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biology, amateur parenting, random events
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