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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality Traits:
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patterns of inner experience and behavior that are relatively stable across time
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Ego-dystonic:
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behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are experience by an individual as distressing and unwelcome
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Ego-Syntonic:
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behavior thoughts or feelings that are experienced by an individual as consistent with their sense of self
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Personality Disorders:
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Disorders characterized by extreme and rigid personality traits that cause impairment
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Personality:
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an individual’s unique and stable way of experiencing the world that is reflected in a predictable set of reactions to a variety of situations.
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Paranoid Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving extreme distrust and suspiciousness
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Temperament:
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innate behavioral tendencies
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Projection:
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a defense mechanism in which an individual attributes his or her own emotions to someone or something else.
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Transference:
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patterns from other relationships are repeated in therapy relationship.
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Therapeutic alliance:
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a positive, collaborative bond between client and therapist
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Cognitive Schemas:
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organized belief systems that Shape interpersonal behavior strategies and influence how people perceive experiences
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Schizoid Personality Disorder:
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Personality traits involving detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
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Withdrawal:
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a defense mechanism in which an individual retreats from emotional engagement with others
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Intellectualization:
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a defense mechanism in which a detached rational approach is used to protect against upsetting emotions
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving eccentricities of behavior, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and acute discomfort in close relationships.
-seek jobs with minimal contact with other people |
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Psychotic:
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a state of being profoundly out of touch with reality
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Ideas of Reference:
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idiosyncratic beliefs that normal events contain “special” meanings
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Magical Thinking:
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believing that one’s thoughts influence external events (schizotypal personality)
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Cognitive-Behavioral Components of schizoid personality disorder
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i.Rigid and maladaptive beliefs and expectancies
ii.Think of themselves as “loners” |
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Biological Components of schizoid personality disorder
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i.Innate behavioral tendencies (temperament)
ii.Genetically/environmentally influenced temperament |
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Psychodynamic Components of schizoid personality disorder
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ii.Schizoid is a defensive withdrawal from full human connectedness and feeling in response to the expectation of pain or disappointment
- withdrawal and intellectualization |
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Psychodynamic Component of Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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Occur when the ego fails to function in its adaptive role and allows for primary process thought to break through to consciousness
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Primary Process Thought:
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the illogical, childlike mode of thinking that is associated with the unconscious mind.
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Secondary Process Thought:
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logical, reality-orientated thinking. Occurs in the course of a normal ego development
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Cognitive-Behavioral Components of schizotypal personality disorder
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i.Poor interpersonal relationships due to unusual thought patterns
ii.Interventions focus on improving social skills and managing anxiety |
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Biological Components of schizotypal personality disorder
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- enlarged ventricles, similar to schizophrenia
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Cluster A: Off or Eccentric Personality Disorders
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-Paranoid Personality Disorder
-Schizoid Personality Disorder -Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
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Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders
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-Antisocial Personality Disorder
-Borderline Personality Disorder -Narcisstic Personality Disorder |
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Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Personality Disorder
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-Avoidant Personality Disorder
-Dependant Personality Disorder -Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder |
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Antisocial Personality Disorders:
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personality traits involving profound disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
-psychopath/sociopath are subsets of antisocial personality disorder |
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Psychodynamic Components of antisocial disorder
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Identification with the Aggressor
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Identification with the Aggressor:
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a defense mechanism in which an individual causes others to experience the victimization, powerlessness, or helplessness that he or she has experienced in the past
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Cognitive-Behavioral Components of antisocial disorder
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-some believe that their behaviors are reinforced when parents reward manipulative behavior
-model learning |
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modeling
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learning based on observing and imitating the behavior of others (social/observational learning)
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Biological Components of antisocial disorder
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-anxiety defficiancy
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sociocultural components of antisocial disorder
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-Low socioeconomic status and poor neighborhoods have risk factors
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Borderline Personality Disorder:
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Personality traits involving instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, impulsivity, and self-destructive behavior
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Depersonalization:
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feeling extremely detached from self
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Psychodynamic Components of borderline personality disorder
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-difficult mother-child relationship
-inconsistant parenting -splitting |
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splitting
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defense mechanism in which one views oneself or others as all good or all bad in order to ward off conflicted or ambivalent feelings
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Cognitive –Behavioral Components of borderline personality disorder
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-cognitive distortions
-maladaptive core |
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biological components of borderline personality disorder
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-possible associatin of low levels of serotonin
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
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developed by Linehan to treat borderline personality disorder. draws upon cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, biological, humanistic and Buddist principles
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Histrionic Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving excessive, superficial emotionality and attention seeking
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Psychodynamic Components of Histronic personality disorder
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-emotional insecurity leads to a craving for attention
-Rooted in insecure childhood attachments -repression |
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Repression:
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a defense mechanism consisting of the forgetting of painful mental content
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Cognitive – Behavioral Components of histronic personality disorder
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i. Histrionic people believe that they cannot care for themselves and must seek out attention, approval and care from others
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idealization:
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a defense mechanism in which someone or something is seen as being perfect or wonderful in order to protect against negative feelings
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving extreme grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
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Devaluation:
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a defense mechanism in which someone or something external is disparaged in order to protect against negative feelings about one selves
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Psychodynamic Components of histronic personality disorder
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i. Self-centeredness represents feelings of inadequacy. as a child they might not have been loved unconditionally
-idealization -devaluation |
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Cognitive Behavioral Components:
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distorted cognitive schema
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Avoidant Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
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Avoidant Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
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Psychodynamic Components of avoidant personality disorder
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i.Painful childhood experiences involving shame
ii.Assume that their vulnerabilities will be pointed out by others - escape into fantasy |
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avoidant personality disorder is LIKE social phobia EXCEPT
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triats of avoidant PD are CHRONIC and PERVASIVE
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Escape into Fantasy:
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a defense mechanism in which an individual avoids unpleasant feelings by focusing on pleasant daydreams
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Cognitive Behavioral Components of avoidant personality disorder
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Assume they will be rejected by others
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biological components of avoidant personality disorder
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"slow to warm up tempermants"
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Dependant Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be cared for by others
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Psychodynamic Components
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-Fixation at the oral stage of psychosexual development
-Over indulged or not gratified become preoccupied with being nurtured |
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Regression:
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a defense mechanism that involves a return to childlike behavior in order to avoid anxieties associated with progressive development
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Identification:
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with parents who seemed dependant and helpless
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Idealization:
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people who are depended on are seek as all-powerful and all-knowing
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cognitive behavioral components of dependant personality disorder
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distorted beleifs
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Obsessive – Compulsive Personality Disorder:
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personality traits involving preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of spontaneity, flexibility, and enjoyment
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dependant personality disorder is different from anxiety disorder
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a.Pervasive and chronic
b.Traits are not distressing to the person but rather highly valued |
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Psychodynamic Components of dependant personality disorder
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Fixation in the anal stage of the psychosexual development
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Reaction Formation:
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a defense mechanism in which an unwanted impulse or emotion is turned into its opposite
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Undoing:
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a defense mechanism in which one action or thought is used to “cancel out” another action or thought
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Isolation of affect:
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a defense mechanism in which thoughts occur without associated feelings
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Cognitive- Behavioral Components
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A person with OCPD is likely to focus on the details or rules to the extent that the relevance of the activity is lost
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Age of those diagnosed with personality disorders
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must be over 18 years old
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“life-course persistant” –
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antisocial behavior that begins in childhood and continues through adulthood
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“adolescence limited” –
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starts in early adolescence but dies down in young adulthood
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personality disorders most likely diagnosed in women
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Histrionic, borderline and dependant personality disorder
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personality disorders more often Diagnosed more in men
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Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive
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class in personality disorders are
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high risks come with those who are in low sociocultural backgrounds
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Polythetic:
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diagnostic criteria sets in which a person is required to meet a minimum number of predetermined diagnostic criteria in order to warrant a diagnosis – no one criterion is critical to the overall diagnosis
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Dimensional System:
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a diagnostic system in which individuals are rated for the degree to which they exhibit traits along certain dimensions
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Categorical System:
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a diagnostic system like the DSM system, in which individuals are diagnosed according to whether or not they fit in certain defined categories
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co-occurance of personality disorders is most likely in
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schizoid and schizotypal
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