Psych Ch 8 Quiz Thinking, Language, Intelligence

Front 1

When Megan goes out to buy cosmetics, she reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of ...

Back 1

a heuristic
* simple thinking, make judgments & solve problems quickly

Front 2

A factory foreman mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard. As a result, he keeps a sharp eye out for signs of laziness among senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates...

Back 2

confirmation bias
* search for evidence that confirms their preconceptions

Front 3

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit ...

Back 3

overconfidence

Front 4

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car". This illustrates an English language rule of ...

Back 4

syntax
* order & structure of language

Front 5

Vocal sounds that are not included in a person's native language first begin to disappear from use during the ______ stage of language development.

Back 5

babbling

Front 6

Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ______ stage of language development.

Back 6

two-word

Front 7

Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ______ of their employees.

Back 7

intrinsic motivation
* self-interest

Front 8

The older a person is when emigrating to a new country, the harder it is to learn the language. This best illustrates the importance of _____ for learning language.

Back 8

critical period
* specific time during which organism has to experience stimuli in order to process thru developmental stages properly

Front 9

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she controls her own anger & responds to her sister with empathy. Her behavior best illustrates ...

Back 9

emotional intelligence
* ability to perceive, understand & manage emotions

Front 10

An 8 yr old whose score on the original Stanford-Binet was typical of an avg 10 yr old was said to have an IQ of ...

Back 10

125
* mature age (MA) x 100 / (CA)

Front 11

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed gave it to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test ...

Back 11

standardization
* defining scores by comparing them with performance of a pretested standardization group

Front 12

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of ...

Back 12

reliability
* extent to which a test yields consistent results

Front 13

Comparing the academic performance of those who score extremely low on intelligence tests with those whose scores are extremely high is an effective way to highlight the tests' ...

Back 13

validity
* extent to which a test measures or predicts what it's supposed to

Front 14

Intelligence test scores are LEAST similar for ;
a) non-twin siblings reared together
b) fraternal twins reared together
c) identical twins reared together
d) identical twins reared apart

Back 14

a) non-twin siblings reared together

Front 15

Stereotype threat stimulates ...

Back 15

self-confirming expectations.

Front 16

cognition

Back 16

mental activity associated w/ thinking, knowing, remembering, & communicating info

Front 17

algorithm

Back 17

methodical, logical procedure that maybe slow, but GUARANTEES success

Front 18

Insight

Back 18

aha moment
sudden & often novel realization the solution to problem

Front 19

heuristic

Back 19

* simple thinking strategy often allows us to make judgments & solve problems quickly & efficiently
* more efficient than algorithms
* do NOT guarantee success & more error-prone

Front 20

availability heuristic

Back 20

ESTIMATING likelihood of certain events based on how readily they come to mind

Front 21

fixation

Back 21

inability to approach a problem in a NEW way

Front 22

confirmation bias

Back 22

* obstacle to problem solving
* search for info that CONFIRMS preconceptions

Front 23

overconfidence

Back 23

* obstacle to problemsolving
* overestimate accuracy of beliefs & judgments

Front 24

framing

Back 24

* WAY an issue is or question is posed
* can affect persons perception of issue or answer to question

Front 25

belief perseverance

Back 25

cling to particular belief, even after info proven wrong

Front 26

language

Back 26

spoken word, written, or signed words & how we combine them to communicate meaning

Front 27

babbling stage

Back 27

* speech development around 4 mos.
* various sounds, unrelated to household language
* children from all cultures sound alike

Front 28

one-word stage

Back 28

speech development between 1-2 yrs mostly in single words

Front 29

two-word stage

Back 29

* speech development about 2 yrs
* nouns & verbs
* correct order

Front 30

intelligence

Back 30

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Front 31

general intelligence (g)

Back 31

Spearman & others - general factor that underlies specific mental abilities & therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Front 32

savant syndrome

Back 32

* very low IQ
* possess ONE exceptional ability

Front 33

creativity

Back 33

ability to produce novel & valuable ideas

Front 34

emotional intelligence

Back 34

ability to perceive, manage, understand & use emotions

Front 35

intelligence tests

Back 35

measure people's MENTAL aptitudes & COMPARE with others through numerical scores

Front 36

aptitude tests

Back 36

* predict FUTURE performance
* measure capacity to learn NEW info, rather than what you already know

Front 37

achievement tests

Back 37

measure persons' current knowledge

Front 38

mental age (MA)

Back 38

chronological age that most typically corresponds to given level of performance

Front 39

Stanford-Binet

Back 39

Lewis Terman's widely used REVISION of Binet's original intelligence test

Front 40

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Back 40

* ration of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
* avg 100

Front 41

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Back 41

MOST used intelligence test
individually administered & contains 11 subtests broken into verbal & performance areas

Front 42

standardization

Back 42

defining meaningful scores by comparison w/ performance of pretested standardization group

Front 43

normal curve

Back 43

* symmetrical bell-shaped curve
* represents frequency of occurrence of many physical & psychological attributes
* curve symmetrical w/ most scores near avg & fewer near extremes

Front 44

reliability

Back 44

extent to which test produces consistent results

Front 45

validity

Back 45

degree o which test measures or predicts what it's supposed to

Front 46

heritability

Back 46

proportion of variation in trait among individuals we attribute to genes

Front 47

stereotype threat

Back 47

self-confirming concern that will be evaluated based on negative stereotype