The notion of intelligence has attracted scholars and educators. The traditional conception of intelligence rests largely upon a monolithic, static view of intelligence. Spearman (1904) made the first theoretical attempt to describe intelligence proposing his g model (g for general) .This theoretical model was the outcome of the measurement of psychological abilities. He believed in the existence of a “common underlying ability or force serving as the basis for all our mental/intellectual functioning” (Akbari & Hosseini, 2008, p. 143). Spearman argued that the presence of g as a kind of brain power or mental energy made a person intelligent (Howe, 1997). Binet and Simon (1905) were asked by the French Ministry of Education to identify
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He put intelligence within a social context and described as: “a bio-psychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture” (Gardner, 1983, p.34). multiple intelligence theory (Gardner, 1983, 1993, 1999) challenged the traditional view of intelligence as a unitary capacity for conceptualization and problem solving, that can be assessed throughIQ tests (Visser et al., 2006) .His theory is framed in a pluralistic, multidimensional view of mind that regards intelligence as an innate faculty of an individual. Human cognitive competence is identified in terms of a composite of talents, or mental skills which is alluded to as intelligence (Gradner,1993) .In this approach, ‘intelligence is not a singular phenomenon, but rather a plurality of capacities’ (Armstrong, 2003, p. …show more content…
Later on ,He added naturalistic intelligence with the potential of a ninth–existential intelligence . Each intelligence does function in an independent way of one another and individuals may have their own strengths and weaknesses in each type of intelligence .In order to back up multiple intelligence theory (MIT), Gardner established certain criteria that each intelligence must meet to be recognized as intelligence and not just a talent or a skill. That is to say there are eight criteria which determine whether an ability will be viewed as intelligence in relation to ‘‘neurological, evolutionary, and cross-cultural Evidence” (Gardner, 1983, p12). These criteria
He put intelligence within a social context and described as: “a bio-psychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture” (Gardner, 1983, p.34). multiple intelligence theory (Gardner, 1983, 1993, 1999) challenged the traditional view of intelligence as a unitary capacity for conceptualization and problem solving, that can be assessed throughIQ tests (Visser et al., 2006) .His theory is framed in a pluralistic, multidimensional view of mind that regards intelligence as an innate faculty of an individual. Human cognitive competence is identified in terms of a composite of talents, or mental skills which is alluded to as intelligence (Gradner,1993) .In this approach, ‘intelligence is not a singular phenomenon, but rather a plurality of capacities’ (Armstrong, 2003, p. …show more content…
Later on ,He added naturalistic intelligence with the potential of a ninth–existential intelligence . Each intelligence does function in an independent way of one another and individuals may have their own strengths and weaknesses in each type of intelligence .In order to back up multiple intelligence theory (MIT), Gardner established certain criteria that each intelligence must meet to be recognized as intelligence and not just a talent or a skill. That is to say there are eight criteria which determine whether an ability will be viewed as intelligence in relation to ‘‘neurological, evolutionary, and cross-cultural Evidence” (Gardner, 1983, p12). These criteria