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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is abnormal psychology |
- the application of psychological sciences to the study of mental disorders - most directly concerned with understanding the nature of indiv pathologies of mind, mood and behavior |
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how do you determine whats normal and whats abnormal? |
discontinuity hypothesis continuity hypothesis |
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discontinuity hypothesis |
- only strong terms can accurately portray true nature of abnormal behaviour - you can ask when is there a discontinuity and how much of a diagnosis do you know when to give? |
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continuity hypothesis |
- insanity and mental illness are terms that should not be used - mental disorder is best viewed as a continuum that varies between mental health to mental illness - no such thing as abnormal health or mental illness -only varies from optimal health and minimal health |
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what is multiple personality disorder and what did they change this name to? |
- it is the lost sense of reality where ppl start exhibiting diff personalities and persona psyches within the same body - can even change their allergies and eye prescription - its now called dissociative identity disorder - DID consists of personality fragmenting which is the diff parts of our brains communicating with lightning speed and w synapses and connections so it forms strings and personality through connections of learning - we change our personalities and personas and reprogram the parts of our brains which also changes our personalities |
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how can you tell whats abnormal? |
- you have distress or disability (social, cognitive, occupational - personal discomfort = subjective discomfort which has the person seeking help from a mental health professional - statistical rarity (how common or rare are these symptoms or features or behaviors from others - violation of moral and ideal standards: come from norms in groups and if you violate the norms its abnormal behavior |
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prob with distress |
1. not all distressed ppl are mentally ill 2. not all mentally ill people show distress |
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prob with statistical deviation |
- pos/neg deviations are not distinguished |
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problem with norms |
- the violations of norms explicitly makes abnormality a relative concept - ex. criminals and prostitutes violate social norms but they wouldnt be considered abnormal in the psych context - what if the violation is a result of external forces - society decides whats normal and what isnt |
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DSM's definition of mental disorder |
a behavioral or psychological syndrome (group of associated features) that is associated with: - present distress - disability (impairment in one or more areas of important functioning) cog, soc, occup/academic - a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability or an important loss of freedom |
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DSM's definition of mental disorder excludes |
- an expectable and culturally sanctioned response to a particular event - deviant behavior - conflicts between indiv and society |
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defining abnormal behavior |
- defined by a set or characteristic features - syndrome = group of symptoms that appear together to rep a specific type of disorder - duration is important |
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wakefields requirement of "harmful dysfunction" |
-hybrid model = continuity/discontinuity - inability mentally to perform its natural fxn - whether there is harm according to persons culture standards |
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supernatural theories |
- early views linked psycho disorders w evil - scholars, etc thoughts mental illness = displeased gods or possession - harmful/mystical treatments |
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spiritual/religious traditions/methods |
-exorcisms - trephining - blood letting - bribery/submission |
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biological theories |
- hippocrates: deviant behavior = physical causes. 4 essential fluids of body = blood, phlegm, black bile (too much = depression), yellow bile (too much = irritability) - cognitive functioning = balancing the 4 humours |
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witchcraft (1300's) |
- hallucinations/delusions = witchcraft - forced to confess crimes they didnt commit - treatment = beating/death by hanging or burning |
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institutionalization of poor, criminals, mentally ill |
london hospitals - st mary of bethelhem -1403 - criminals, homeless and mentally ill placed together - dehumanizing treatment: chained, tortured, paid admissions, little food, little patient care, blood letting |
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philippe pinel 1972 |
- removed chains from mental patients - free to roam buildings = moral treatment - william touke in 1796 created a retreat long w his community to treat ppl w compassion and respect = started a humanitarian movement |
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dorothea dix |
- movement towards treatment in US and CA (mental hygiene movement) - creation of rural asylums (helped overcrowd) - movement towards deinsitutionalization - raised millions to build hospitals around world to provide suitable care for those w mental illness in over 20 american states |
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historical views on treatment: movement towards deinsitutionalization |
- talk therapy and somatic treatments: fever therapy= blood from ppl w malaria caused fevers that made their symptoms go away, insulin induced comas = injected to lower sugar content to create a hypglycemic state/deep coma, lobotomy = sharp knife inserted in a hole that was bored in patients skull to sever nerve fiberss connecting frontal lobe to rest of brain - psychopharmacology in 1950/60's most successful and sig treatments = helped deinstitutionalization most |
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types of therapists: |
- clinical social worker (M.S.W) =look @ social/cultural factors in courts, prisons, schools - clinical psychologist (PHD/C.PSYCH) = 5-7 yrs grad school training + 1 yr post grad training - counselling psychologist (PHD/PSYD) = deals w mood/axniety/adjust issues - psychiatrist (MD) - marriage and family therapist (MFT) - case managers: service team tht helps w meds, appts, etc |
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Etiology of disorders |
- etiology = factors causing/contributing to development of psych - 2 factors leading to illness/impairment: 1) bio = structural abnorm, biochem processes, genetic influences 2) personal exp, traumas, conflicts, enviro factors as roots of disorder = psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, sociocultural perspectives |
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objectivity and abnormality |
- mental health judgements must be objective = context (cultural, gender, social, enviro) and content (what ur taking in) - ppl improperly labelled as "abnorm" due to norms and values - 1973 david rosenhaln: = book > be insane in insane places = investigated and elaborated on psych diag = sane ppl got into asylum and were diagnosed as not sane and were labelled as using intellectualization defenses (CONTENT AND CONTEXT) |
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cross cultural issues |
= values, beliefs, and practices of a group = culture is a dynamic process (due to actions of indiv and group) = disorders vary from culture to culture, one may view a disorder as a norm behavior |
