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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patterns of disease and death in the 21st century |
infectious VS chronic escalating costs of medical care |
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infectious diseases |
acute illnesses caused by harmful matter or microorganisms (bacteria/viruses) |
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chronic illness |
- degenerative illnesses that develop or persist over a long period of time (HD, cancer, stroke) |
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what is the leading cause of deaths now in the 21st century? WHY |
- chronic 1. ppl live longer and chronic affects older ages 2. growth of industrializstion = increased stress |
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reasons for escalating costs of medical care |
- lifestyles contribute to health probs - public and private health insurance programs bear this burden |
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what is health according to WHO and when was it established |
1948 - its a complete state of physical, social, and mental well being not just the absence of illness/injury |
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what is the wellness/illness continuum
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- health and illness are related concepts where there is death at one end and optimal health at the other - its based on physical conditions (blood pressure) and lifestyle (amount of exercise) |
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The biomedical model - what is it |
- includes the genetic materials and processes by which we inherit characteristics from out parents - includes the function and structure of someones physiology - its the dominant paradigm of the medical profession |
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what are the 3 characteristics of the biomedical model |
reductionistic single factor mechanistic |
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reductionistic |
- illness if caused by biochemical imbalances -and/or neurophysiological abnormalities - everything is reduced to its biological component (helps give a treatment) |
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single-factor |
- only biological factors are considered - mind and body are separate components and the mind doesnt play an important role in disease |
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mechanistic |
body is like a machine thats fixed by replacing or removing the ailing part or destroying the foreign body thats causing the prob |
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problems w the biomedical model |
- doesnt account for everything - ppl w the same illness have diff progressions - hypertension and depression rated are not identical in monozygotic twins |
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evolving views of diseases |
- anatomical pathology (16th - 18th century) - tissue pathology (late 18th century) - cellular pathology (19th century) - germ theory (19th century) |
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anatomical pathology |
- 16th-18th century - disease is localised in anatomy - autopsies showed that change in organ = related to symptoms of illness - Galen: discovered illnesses could be localized |
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tissue pathology |
- late 18th century - specific tissues could become diseased while others stay healthy (nearby) |
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cellular pathology |
- 19th century - life resides in cells and so cells must be the place to look for disease - disease seen as the cells response to abnormal stimuli leading to cell malfunction/malnourishment leading to cell death |
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germ theory |
- 19th century - there are particles in the air that cannot be seen that cab cause disease - began w the work of louis pasteur w his discovery of vaccines (immunity = exposure to small amounts of bacteria) |
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The biopsychosocial model |
- the favoured paradigm of health psychology - proposes that all 3 factors affect and are affected by the persons health |
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biopsychosocial model can be characterised as: |
- multidimensional = has bio, psycho, social influences - a general systems model = they all interact to create the important act of play - intuitive = its common sense, youll look at lived exp's to see which phenomena was affected (ex. person dying shortly after their partner dies) |
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psychological component of the biopsychosocial model |
- behaviors = things that ppl could do to help (exercise) - emotions = subjective feeling that affects and is affected by our thoughts, behaviours and physio (happier ppl are less disease-prone, more likely to take care of their health, recover faster from illness) - cognitions = ppls thoughts and how they think of things (thinking of stress as good or bad) - personality = stable and enduring pattern of thinking, doing and behaving) |
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the biopsychosocial model (interplay of world and person) |
[world (social factors): society community family <-> [ the person (psych factors - exp and behavior): cognitionn emotion motivation <-> [bio factors (genetics and physio): organs tissues cells]]] |
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Biopsychosocial Framework |
approach used to describe and explain how bio, psycho, social factors combine and interact to influence physical and mental health |
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(3 ) clinical implications of the biopsychosocial model |
- an interdisciplinary team approach to assessment and diagnosis - prevention and treatment efforts should consider all 3 factors - acknowledgement of the benefits of the patient-practitioner relationship can improve treatment |
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health psychology |
study of behavioral, cognitive, emotional factors that influence the: - maintenance of health - development of illness and disease - course of illness or disease - patients and fams response to the illness/disease |
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health psychologists may work in |
private practices (specific) or hospitals (general) |
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ImportantContributions of Psychology to Health |
- Reliableand valid assessment techniques - Commitmentto keeping people healthy rather than treating them when they become ill. - Solidfoundation of scientific methods for studying health-related behaviours. - Evidence-basedstrategies for changing behaviours that affect health and illness. |
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health psych research |
- stress & immune function : stressed immune system = V NKC activity = ^ viruses - Mindfulness and meditation-based stress reduction and psoriasis: mindfulness = ^ recovery - group therapy & breast cancer: psychotherapy = lived longer
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