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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Correspondent Inference
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Attribution. 1) Freely Chosen behaviour. 2) Non common effects. 3) (not) socially desirable. 4) Consequences for self (hedonic relevance) 5) Personalism.
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Covariation model (Kelley)
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Attribution. 1) Consistency. 2) Distinctiveness. 3) Consensus.
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Emotional lability (Schachter)
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Attribution. Arousal, then cognition labels the emotion.
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Self perception theory (Bem)
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We gain knowledge of ourselves by making self-attributions.
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Weiner's attributional theory
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1) Locus. 2) Stability. 3) Control.
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Linguistic Category Model
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Attribution bias. 1) Descriptive action verb e.g. Kiss. 2) Interpretvie action verb e.g. Help. 3) State verb e.g. Believe. 4) Adjective e.g. Honest
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New Racisim - types
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Aversive, modern, symbolic, regressive and ambivalent.
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Genocide and Rwanda
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Hutu dictatorship. In 1994 after Hutu president was killed, radical group Hutu Power took control of governement and directed genocide of Tutsi community.
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Indirect Genocide
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Massive material disadvantage - steep decline. Ethnic death is cultural assimilation in which cultural group disappears through rape, intermarriage, systematic suppression.
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Contrast prejudice, stereotype and discrimination
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Prejudice is the negative attitude, stereotypes are the negative beliefs and discrimination is the negative behaviour
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Targets of prejudice and discrimination
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Ethnicity/race, gender, sexual orientation, people with disabilities andageing people
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Define a) Biological Sex b) Gender c) Sex/Gender Role
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a) The alleged physiological and anatomical characteristics of maleness and femaleness with which a person is born. b) The individual’s sense of masculinity of femininity. c) The separate expectations of behaviour for men and women as determined by society and culture
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Frustration Aggression hypothesis
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That all frustation leads to aggression, and all addression comes from frustation. used to explain prejudice and intergroup aggression.
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Authoritarian personality
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Personality syndrome, originating in childhood, that predisposes individuals to be prejudiced.
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Dogmatism and close-mindedness
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Cognitive style that is rigid and intolerant and predisposes people to be prejudiced,
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Right-wing authoritarianism
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1) Conventionalist - adherence to societal conventions. 2) authoritarian aggression - support for aggression toward social deviants. 3) authoritarian submission - submission to society's established authorities.
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Social dominance theory
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Theory that attirbutes prejudice to an individual's acceptance of an ideology that legitimises ingroup serving hierarchy and domination, and rejects egalitarian ideologies.
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Belief congruence theory
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The theory that similar beliefs promote liking and social harmony among people while dissimilar beliefs produce dislike and prejudice.
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Acculturation
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Process by which a culture or minority group comes to adopt the culture knowledge, values, practices & language of another (often dominant) group.
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Enculturation
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Process of adaptation by which people learn values, norms and requirements of a culture and to function in it.
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Ethnography
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A qualitative research design aimed at exploring cultural phenomena. Participant observer.
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Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Scientific study of human behavior & mental processes, including both their variability & invariance, under diverse cultural conditions
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Cultural Psychology
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Holds that human behavior is significantly influenced by cultural differences
Is beginning to engage more fully with the richness of indigenous psychologies |
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Interdependent self
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Informed by Buddhism drew on idea of "dependent origination", or the idea that everyhting is interlinked and stems from dependence on something else.
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Emic
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Emic involves developing insights & methods from within one’s culture often from historical & religious texts [Buddhism, Hinduism etc] Concepts missed by outsiders
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Etic
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Etic involves indigenous psychs adapting existing insights & methods from outside their cultures for use in local contexts. Dialogues across cultures
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Two effects of low self esteem
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1. Alerts the possiblity of social exclusion/rejection.
2. Motivates action toward social inclusion. |
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State self esteem
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Monitors current relational value.
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Trait self esteem
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Assesses the degree to which one is the sort of person who generally will be valued by desirable groups and relationship partners
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Define: stereotype
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Widely shared beliefs about the personalitites, attitudes and behaviours of poeple based on the social groups they belong to.
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Define: Stereotype threat
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Threat that individual's actions will a) be judged and evaluated according to domain-related negative stereotype and/or b) confirm negative stereotype.
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Two possible consequences of stereotype threat?
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1) Domain avoidance to sidestep 2) Domain disidentification - permanent strategy.
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Define: self-presentation
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The process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them.
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Define: self-presentation carry-over effect
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Behaviour -> Self-beliefes -> behaviour
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Effects of self-presentation on the self?
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1) Self perception theory. 2) Biased scanning (of self attributes) 3) Reflected appraisal 4) Public commitment.
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Define: supplication
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self-presenting in a negative, helpess way to elicit help from others.
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What are the 5 stages of helping?
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Notice, Interpret, Responsibility, Decide, Help
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List Raven's 6 sources of power.
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Reward power, coercive power, informational power, expert power, legitimate power, referrent power.
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