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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bottom-up Processing |
Interpretation of info from the environment |
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Top-down Processing |
Energy from environment converted into neural impulses |
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Broca's Aphasia |
-Having issues speaking and understanding -after stroke or brain damage -frontal lobe |
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Wernicke's Aphasia |
-Producing meaningless speech -Unable to understand speech & writing -Issues in form & meaning -Left temporal lobe |
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Components of Effective Processing |
1. Spacing and reviews 2. Retrieval practice 3. Context dependency 4. Encoding variability 5. Situational variability 6. Metacognition |
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Encoding specificity principle |
Retrieving from LTM is best when encoding conditions match retrieval conditions |
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Hippocampus |
-Memory -Directly related to amygdala |
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H.M. |
-Cannot put new info into LTM -Came from surgical destruction of hippocampus |
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Implicit memory |
Declarative |
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Explicit memory |
Procedural |
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Indirect memory tasks |
1. Fragment completion 2.Perceptual identification 3. Word naming 4. Lexical decision |
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Proactive interference |
Info we learned previously is getting in the way of leaning new info |
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Retroactive interference |
New info we learned is getting in the way of remembering previous info |
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Frontal lobe |
-Attention/planning -Memory -Identity/personality -Motor Processing -Language production |
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Temporal lobe |
-Hearing --> auditory cortex -language comprehension -memory |
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Parietal lobe |
Somatosensory cortex |
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Occipital lobe |
Vision |
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Rods and cones |
Rods --> black & white, peripheral vision
Cones --> color, foveal vision |
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Serial search |
-requires attention -search time increases with set size -controlled process |
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Parallel search |
-requires little attention -automatic process -search time does not increase with set size |
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Brook's Block Letter F |
-Demonstrated: --> how LTM is structured --> The visual and verbal parts of WM are independent -->how chunking can increase STM capacity -->how spacial memory is limited -if asked about visual tasks, visual response is harder and vice versa |
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Chunking |
-Miller -smaller units (words) can be combined to form larger units (sentences) |
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Digit span |
Given a string of numbers, if you can separate them into recognizable numbers you can memorize it easier |
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Ponzo illusion |
Train tracks going farther away |
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Muller-Lyer Illusion |
Arrow tips point inward, line looks longer than arrow tips pointing out word |
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Size constancy |
Size of objects in retinal image determine distance
Student in back of class example |
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Levels of processing from shallow to deep |
1. Orthographic (spelling) 2. Phonological (sound) 3. Semantic (meaning) 4. Self reference |
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Stroop task |
When a word pops up you have to read the color of the word itself and not the actual word |
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Illusory conjunctions |
Combination of features from different stimuli |
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Early selection model of attention |
Bottleneck theory by Broadbent |
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Early selection-attenuator model of attention |
Multiple channels by Treisman |
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Late selection theory of attention |
All info is processed |
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Misinformation effect |
Misleading info presented after a person witnesses an event can change how the person describes that event later |
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Semantic network |
Concepts in the mind are arranged into networks |
