Psych Final Exam

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Europe Sex

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Different approach to sex-ed. It is ok in a committed relationship. Having babies is something you do when you've completed your education

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Comprehensive Sex Education

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Biology, contraceptions, critical thinking skills, social skills/assertiveness, sexual orientation, relationship building

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Lawrence Kohlberg

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Studied human development. At different ages the way you think about morality changes. Each level has a different basis for authority. The three levels are pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional

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Pre-conventional

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Making decision based on what is in it for me. All about self interest. Will I get caught? Is it fair to me? Basis for authority is self interest

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Conventional

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Basis for authority is societal institution and norms or acceptable behaviors. Rules become internalized. What will others think of me? What are the laws and rules?

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Post-conventional

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Basis for authority is individual based on what's best for society. What are the basic human rights? What is best for society?

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What level? My family is hungry, I have no money, I need to take this bread.

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Pre-conventional

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What level? I'm going to steal the whole bag of bread. I'll give it to the poor because society is giving unfair advantages to the rich and not the poor.

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Post-conventional

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Kohlbergs theory...

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Found the 10% of people make it to post-conventional level. Must question parents authority, and challenge it. Need to have my own independence and autonomy.

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Hidden immorality

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Everyday evil that goes on in our culture

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Hidden assumption in our moral society

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The status quo is moral. Everyone has a strong drive to only look out for yourself. Don't care about who gets hurt. People in power make rules to serve their self interests.

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Who criticized Kohlberg's theory?

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Carol Gilligan. She felt he was basing it only on men and not women.

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Women's morality

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Connectedness

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Men's morality

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Achieving things

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Paul Loeb

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Soul of a citizen. Book about student activism at university level. Caused money to be pulled from doing business in south africa.

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James rest

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4 moral aspects of self. Sensitivity, judgement, motivation, and character

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Moral sensitivity

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Being aware of how your actions affect others. "Who is this going to hurt?"

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Moral judgement

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Being able to understand Kohlberg's theory and being more complex in our thoughts. Same as moral thinking

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Moral motivation

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Being willing to put your moral values over your personal self interest

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Moral character

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Having the courage to act on your beliefs. "I know it will cost me something, but I will do it anyway." Follow through with what I believe

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What moral aspect? Going into walmart and looking for the cheapest price to get for his dollar?

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Moral motivation

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Study on what you consider an important life value?

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Decreased in meaningful philosophy, increase in being well off. Those who participated got better grades, improved self esteem, became more aware of the less privileged in society

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Motivation in adolescence

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Motivation at a high level. Look our for myself. Fit in society. Want to change society

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Motivation

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The effort and focus we put into a goal directed activity and the perseverance with which we persist in that effort in the face of obstacles, distractions, and frustrations

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Motivation example

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Client who hates his job but never looked for another job. Not motivated and missed the effort part

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Paul Farmer

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Physicial, doctor, middle class. Went to harvard. EStablished a clinic in haiti. Example of motivation.

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Intrinsic motivation

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Physical award

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Edward Deci

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Found a principle and demonstrates intrinsic motivation. Wanted 5 year olds draw pictures for an hour all week.

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Extrinsic vs intrinsic rewards

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when it is money fame vs intrinsic, the intrinsic group won.

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Locus of control

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Where is the source of control for success and happiness in my life.

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Internal locus of control

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I am responsible

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External locus of control

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Luck, genetics, people- things you can't control

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Three types of motivation

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Locus of control, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy

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Self-efficacy

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Developed by Bandura. The belief that we can accomplish goals that we set for ourselves. It is about your own belief that you can do something that you've never done before. Most people set their sights too low.

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Self-efficacy examples

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Abraham Lincoln and The Beatles

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Active career exploration

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How to figure out what you want to do? - taking classes, informational interview, internships, part time jobs, volunteering, career counseling centers, shadowing, personal experience, books

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Donald Super

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4 aspects to our vocational self concept: values, interest, capacity, and reality

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Values

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What is important to me that gives me a feeling of meaningfulness and how I want to use it to make a difference in the world

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Interest

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Things I like to do or read about

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Capacity

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My own personal limits

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Reality

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What you will get out of it, how hard is it to get into, how much money will it take and will you make

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John Holland

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People in professions tend to have very similar personalities. He made a personality test that grouped people into 6 different personality types

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Juvenile Delinquency

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Crimes committed between 10 and 18. Not as fully responsible because their minds are not as fully developed as adults

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T/F Males are 4x as likely as females to commit crimes

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True. This is because of testosterone levels

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2 kinds of crime

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Status and index

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Status crime

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Things that adults can do but juveniles will be considered a crime. Ex drinking, curfew violation, smoking, gambling, truancy

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Trying juveniles under adult system

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If convicted under adult system they were re-arrested more frequently and more quickly that those convicted under juvi system

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Classical theory assumptions

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Society is fair to all (equal opportunity), law breakers do so because of poor morals, teach morality in schools, churches and homes, swift and harsh punishment to deter crime. This is favored by the republican party

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Blocked opportunity theory

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Society is not equally open to all- unfair advantages to people in the middle and upper economic classes. Poorer schools, fewer job opportunities, racism, fewer networking opportunities.

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Instead of harsh punishment...

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favor rehab, job training, spend money on social programs, school, health, encourage business to build in inner cities

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Role model theory

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Albert Bandura. If you grow up and your father was abusive and violent, your will be more likely to be abusive and violent

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Erikson

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Negative Identity group- lacked skills for any other group.