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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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- Pattern of behavior and thinking
- Consistent across time and situations - Different from person to person |
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True or false: Traits lie within a set of categories.
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False - Traits lie in CONTINUUMS
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Name 4 theories of personality
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1) Trait
2) Psychodynamic 3) Humanistic 4) Social-cognitive |
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What makes for a good personality test? (3)
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1) Standardization - consistent in how tests are administered
2) Reliability - consistent in its measures 3) Validity - measures what it claims to measure |
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Who discovered 18,000 adjectives to describe personality?
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Gordon Allport
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Richard C____ narrowed down Allport's trait list to how many traits? How?
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16 traits
Through factor analysis |
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Factor analysis
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Statistical analysis that finds correlations between all items in a list and sees if any are highly correlated with each other.
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Five-Factor Model
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- Known as the "Big Five"
- Five personality traits that best capture all personality types |
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"The Big Five" narrowed the traits down to ___ personality traits that best capture all personality t___.
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5, types
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Personality is quite stable, but when could it change?
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Personality can change in response to a major life event.
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Personality is affected by interaction between ____ and ____.
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genes and environment
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Explanations for bizarre human behaviour lie in the ___.
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unconscious
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Name the 3 parts the influence our behaviour according to Freud
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id
ego superego |
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Freud: "id"
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- Unconscious
- Satisfy sexual desires |
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Freud: "ego"
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- Conscious
- Strives to meet desires of "id" in appropriate ways |
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Freud: "superego"
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- Half conscious and unconscious
- Follows rules of society - Ex: punishes ego by creating feelings of shame + guilt |
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Psychoanalysis
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Therapy of individual to try and understand their unconscious
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Describe Carl Rogers' direction of understanding people.
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- Humanistic approach
- Client-centered therapy - Goal was to remove obstacles to allow people to reach full potential - Thought that people are happy with themselves when other people are happy for them |
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Unconditional positive regard
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- Term used by Carl Rogers during therapy
- Showing complete support and acceptance of person regardless of what they say or do |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Levels of needs that people must satisfy in order to reach full potential.
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The 5 needs of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Self-actualization
Esteem Belonging Safety Physiological needs |
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What do Social-Cognitive perspectives of personality emphasize?
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The importance of SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT in the development of personality.
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Locus of control
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People's beliefs about whether the outcomes of their actions are in their personal control or out of their control.
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Internal locus of control
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Belief that someone can control their own actions and results
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External locus of control
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Belief that circumstances are beyond person's control
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Self-efficacy
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Person's belief about their ability to perform a task
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