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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transduction |
Conversion of external energy into electrical energy |
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Sensory adaption |
Decrease in response to an unchanging stimulus |
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Just noticeable difference and Weber's law |
Jnd-smallest change in stimulus we can detect Weber's law- proptional relationship between jnd and original stimulus intensity |
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Fovea, rods, cones |
Fovea- middle of retina. Responsible for acuity, or sharpness of vision
Rods- long and narrow photoreceptor. Low levels of light, night vision, peripheral vision. increasing as you move away from fovea Cones- color vision and day vision, dense at fovea. Sharpness and detail. |
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Mono and binocular depth cues |
1- size, texture gradient, interposition[closer objects block out far ones], linear perspective [convergence as distance increases] 2- disparity and convergence |
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Gestalt principles of organization |
1. Promixity 2. Similarity 3. Continuity 4. Closure 5. Symmetry 6. Figure ground |
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Cochlea and the sound theories |
Sound transductor Place theory- hair location= frequency (only high frequency 5-20k) Frequency theory- some sounds up to 100Hz are encoded by neuron during rates Volley theory- staggered fixed rates of sets of neurons, 100-5k Hz |
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Endorphins |
Block pain transmission from spine to brain |
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Propioception, vestibular sense |
Propioception is tracking body parts and move efficiently Sense is control of balance. |
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Levels of language |
Phoneme = sounds Morpheme = words, convey semantics Syntax = grammatical rules Extra linguistic= eg) body language |
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Language acquisition |
Womb- tone of voice, songs and stories 0-1 yrs babbling 1-2 yrs one word speech, comprehension, over/underextension 2-3 yrs vocabulary explosion 3+ yrs complex sentences, syntactic rules |
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Cohort effect |
Set of people who lived during one period |
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Developmental psychology |
Germinal- sex to 2wks Embryonic - 2wks to 8wks differentiation Fetal - 9wks to delivery |
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Piaget's cognitive development |
Development marked by radical reorganizing of thinking. Equilibration is process of adjusting and updating ideas about the world Schema- an organized knowledge structure Sensorimotor (birth to 1yr) based on here and now. Physical experiences, evolves with object mental representation. Preoperational 2-7yrs) can use symbols, egocentric, evolves with conservation tasks Concrete operational 7-11yrs) simple logic and operations. Evolves with deductive reasoning Formal operational 11+ yrs) can reason abstracts, hypothetical, and test predictions |
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Vygotsky's theory of learning |
Parents structure the scaffolding of learning. Zone of proximal development is phase of learning. No learning to assisted learning, to independent learning. |
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Attachment styles |
Secure (60%) easily comforted on return Insecure avoident (15-20%) snubs caregiver Insecure anxious -inconsolable upon return. Disorganized (5-10%) inconsistent behavior. May be dazed upon return |
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Parenting styles |
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Kohler and moral development |
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Discrete emotions theory |
Seven primary emotions Happy, surpise, anger, fear, disgust, sadness, contempt |
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Theories of emotion |
James - Lange theory: body reactions to emotions Cannon- Bard theory: situation leads to both emotion and body reactions Two factor theory: stimulus leads to state of arousal. Identify source then label feeling Mere exposure effect is favorable feelings to repeatedly presented stimuli |
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Lie detection |
Polygraph- measures arousal. High rate of false positives GKT- tests knowledge only guilty passion would know. Other possible answers seem plausible to innocent. Not useful for screening. Very low false positives. |
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Id, ego, superego |
Id- "the devil" primal impulses based on pleasure principle Ego- "the boss/you" decision maker, reality principle:people pleasure to can find proper outlet. Superego- "angel" morality and ideals |
