Psyc

Front 1

Descartes attempted to explain how the soul and the body interact by proposing the existence of “animal spirits” that are affected both by our high-level thoughts (originating from the soul) and the physical world (the senses). Descartes’ the

Back 1

There are no widely accepted scientific proposals for how the soul and body could interact even in principle; as a result, most neuroscientists believe dualism to be false.

Front 2

Which of the following is ultimately responsible for determining whether a proposed psychological research study is ethically permissible?

Back 2

The Institutional Review Board at the
researcher’s institution

Front 3

In the Vohs and Schooler paper we discussed in recitation, _______ was the independent variable and ________ was the dependent variable.

Back 3

Belief in free will, cheating behavior

Front 4

This part of the brain is most strongly associated with our ability to balance and coordinate movements

Back 4

The cerebellum

Front 5

In what category of drugs does alcohol belong?

Back 5

Depressants

Front 6

Which of the following is an example of one of the ways in which an agonist can affect neuronal communication

Back 6

Block the reuptake of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron

Front 7

Which of the following occur(s) during the action potential?

Back 7

Depolarization causes sodium channels to open allowing sodium to flow into the cell

Front 8

Which of the following lobes of the brain contains the somatosensory cortex?

Back 8

Parietal

Front 9

Which of the following is
NOT
true regarding the propagation of the action potential?

Back 9

The speed of the action potential propagation depends on the strength of the stimulus

Front 10

Under good lighting conditions, we see an object most clearly when we look at it directly. This is because light from the object is focused onto our fovea, which has a particular abundance of

Back 10

cone cells

Front 11

How do our brains receive information about color? When any color is presented in the visual field

Back 11

three types of cone cells respond in a ratio that is unique for the color and intensity of the stimulus

Front 12

When sensing the world around us, the physical stimulus we receive must be converted into a neural signal. This conversion step is called:

Back 12

transduction

Front 13

A patient can change the size of her grip appropriately to grab a rectangular prism in front
of her, even though she can’t report that she is reaching for a rectangle. In fact, she cannot
verbally identify any shapes put in front of her. She most likely has damage to her:

Back 13

temporal lobe

Front 14

Interposition, the blocking of our view of one object by some other object, is an example of what kind of cue?

Back 14

monocular depth cue

Front 15

All of the following statements about the role of brain injuries in helping researchers understand brain function are true EXCEPT

Back 15

Patients sometimes recover a cognitive function they have lost following a stroke, which proves that the area destroyed in the stroke patient is not implicated in that function in the normal healthy brain.

Front 16

All of the following except one correctly describes a neuroimaging technique. Pick the one that gets it
wrong

Back 16

TMS is good for measuring the precise timing of activity in the limbic system.

Front 17

All of the following sensory systems are relayed through the thalamus EXCEPT:

Back 17

smell

Front 18

Which sensory system has the largest number of different receptor types?

Back 18

smell

Front 19

I ran a study and found that scores on a measure of cognitive control were correlated with intelligence with a statistically significant correlation, r=+.65. What do I know now about the relationship between cognitive control and intelligence in my sample?

Back 19

When cognitive control high, intelligence tends to be high. This relationship is unlikely to be due to chance.

Front 20

The principle that the intensity of a neuron’s individual action potentials is always
essentially the same (though the firing rate may vary) is called

Back 20

The all-or-none law

Front 21

Which theory or theories contributes to the current theory of human color vision?

Back 21

A and B are both part of the current explanation of color vision

Front 22

Which of the following statements about human visual pathways are correct? i.

Information about the left side of the visual world is sent, via the thalamus, to the right visual cortex. Information about the right side of the visual world is sent to the left visual cortex. ii.

Information about the left side of the visual world is sent, via the thalamus, to the left visual cortex. Information about the right side of the visual world is sent to the right visual cortex. iii.

Leaving the eyeball, optic nerve carries sensory information first to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus and then to the cortex iv.

Leaving the eyeball, optic nerve carries sensory information first to the cortex and then to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus

Back 22

i, iii

Front 23

Our visual system not only detects brightness boundaries, but actually amplifies these boundaries by a process called edge enhancement. A visual illusion caused by the exaggerations of edges is ___. Edge enhancement relies on___.

Back 23

mach bands; lateral inhibition

Front 24

Which of the following is an example of reinforcement delivered on a variable interval schedule?

Back 24

A radio station plays Julie’s favorite song at
apparently random times: sometimes twice in an afternoon, sometimes every couple of days, so Julie keeps listening to the station

Front 25

Sycorax the witch keeps a pet monkey in a little cage. During the day she lights the cage with an incandescent light bulb that heats the cage and makes the monkey hot and sweaty. One day Sycorax replaces the bulb with an expensive but environmentally friendly LED light bulb that is just as bright but that releases very little heat. Yet the LED bulb, when illuminated, still makes the monkey sweat. This is an example of

Back 25

Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning

Front 26

Imagine that you run the following study: you put a dog in a box with a red light and a green light. You first condition the dog to salivate by repeatedly pairing the red light with food. You then pair both the red light
and
the green light with food at the same time. After a few dozen trials of this, you present the red light and the green light separately, but without
food. Based on what you know about the “blocking” phenomenon, w
hat results would you expect?

Back 26

The dog will salivate in response to the red light, but not the green light

Front 27

Consider a classical conditioning experiment in which a rat is shocked every time a tone sounds. The rat always jumps and tries to avoid the shock when it is delivered. Over time, the rat starts to show elevated heart rate and muscle tension in response to the tone. In this study, what is the conditioned stimulus

Back 27

The tone

Front 28

What is the consensus among cognitive psychologists about the effectiveness of multitasking, i.e. engaging in two attention-demanding tasks at the same time?

Back 28

Though there are exceptions involving pairs of tasks with dissociable demands and substantial focused practice, the general case is that multitasking leads to poor performance on at least one of the tasks.

Front 29

The idea of
“grandmother cell
s
”
is that there could be individual neurons in ______________, in the _________ lobe that each fire to signal one single
distinct “thing”
we might recognize.

Back 29

the ventral stream, temporal.

Front 30

You are conducting an experiment in which you repeatedly make a squeaky noise to the left or right of a screech owl. You observe that over repeated trials, the owl stops turning its head towards the squeak. This is an example of:

Back 30

habituation

Front 31

What did B. F. Skinner say about free will?

Back 31

In humans, free will is an illusion: all of our behaviors are governed by our history of learning experiences

Front 32

Experimenters (such as Blakemore and Cooper 1970) had cats raised in two different kinds of environment: a space with only horizontal white and black stripes, or a space with only vertical white and black stripes. Then they used electrodes to probe for orientation-specific neurons. Which of the following best describes the results?

Back 32

Cats raised in a “horizontal” environment had few if any cells tuned to
vertically-oriented stripes

Front 33

In Wasserman’s experiment on humans and pigeons, he gave the humans some information
about what a hypothetical patient had eaten and how often that patient got sick from the different types of food. He then asked the humans to figure out which food might have caused the allergic reaction. He was able to ask pigeons the same question through a clever use of operant conditioning. What were the results of this study?

Back 33

humans and pigeons had very similar responses

Front 34

Which of the following approaches to achieving a long-term memory of something without meaning (like a sequence of random numbers) has research shown to be most effective?

Back 34

elaborative encoding

Front 35

Kyle got in a car accident and lost his memory for events that occurred in the hour or two leading up to the accident. Kyle most likely has:

Back 35

retrograde amnesia

Front 36

The “compatibility principle” descri
bes the following phenomenon in memory

Back 36

retrieval is easier in the context in which the memory was encoded

Front 37

findings from amnesic patients have suggested all of the following about memory EXCEPT: (i.e., pick the false one:

Back 37

short term memory is a form of implicit memory

Front 38

A patient with anterograde amnesia who is unable to form new explicit memories could do all of the following EXCEPT

Back 38

learn new words like “fauxhawk ”

Front 39

If you were conducting an experiment on visual search for a target object, you would expect to find the following

Back 39

Single feature distinctions rely on parallel search, in which response time isn’t
related to the number of distracters.

Front 40

What is the “place theory” in the study of auditory perception?

Back 40

Pitch is encoded by where on the cochlea the responding hair cells are.

Front 41

All of the following are types of implicit memory except:

Back 41

In fact, all of the above are kinds of implicit memory

Front 42

In signal detection theory, someone with an unusually high number of both hits and false alarms

Back 42

Has a low response threshold.

Front 43

In the first lecture, you learned about a study by Gneezy and Rustichini (2000) in which a daycare introduced a financial punishment (a fee) that was assessed whenever a parent picked up his or her child late, in an attempt to reduce the frequency of this behavior. Did
their results agree with what the daycare’s leaders predicted, as one might expect from
classical theories of operant conditioning?

Back 43

No. The punishment made the undesirable behavior
more likely. Parents became less likely to pick up their kids on time, because the fee turned the interaction into an economic exchange, not a social one.

Front 44

S
uppose that a study finds that children’s self
-esteem is positively correlated with their performance in school
–
i.e., children with higher self-esteem tend to have better grades. Which of the following causal relationships might plausibly drive this result

Back 44

a.

Higher self-esteem causes higher grades b.

Higher grades cause higher self-esteem c.

Some third factor, such as quality of parenting, causes both higher self-esteem and higher grades independently
d.A, B, and C