Psy330 - Chapter 6

Front 1

If you are able to predict future emotions accurately, you probably would score high on the ___ branch of an emotional intelligence test.
Perceiving Emotions
Facilitating Thought
Managing Emotions
Understanding Emotions

Back 1

Managing Emotions

Front 2

The factor that appears to be most strongly related to happiness is
one's physical health or well-being.
whether one is alone in the world or has social connections.
how rich or poor one's country or society is.
how rich or poor one is individually.

Back 2

whether one is alone in the world or has social connections.

Front 3

The so-called "facial feedback hypothesis" refers to the idea that
facial expressions seem to have evolved in order for humans to better communicate feelings to one another.
we get information about what other people are feeling via their facial expressions.
others' emotional facial expressions can actually evoke or heighten our own emotional experiences.
feedback from our own facial muscles can actually evoke or heighten our own emotional experiences.

Back 3

feedback from our own facial muscles can actually evoke or heighten our own emotional experiences.

Front 4

A Duchenne smile is BEST described as
a fake smile.
a genuine smile.
an evil smile.
a bitter smile.

Back 4

a genuine smile.

Front 5

T/F
Compared to affects, emotions tend to be relatively simple and automatic.

Back 5

F

Front 6

Paul Ekman's cross-cultural research on emotion and facial expressions has been criticized on the grounds that

it has examined only four different emotions; and there may well be cross-cultural differences in terms of other emotions (that Ekman has not studied).
it has examined only nine cultures; and there may well be significant differences in how emotion is experienced and expressed in other cultures.
it is based on posed photographs; these poses may not correspond well with actual experiences and expressions of emotion.
it is based on individualistic cultures only, and there is reason to believe that people in collectivistic cultures would experience and express emotion differently.

Back 6

it is based on posed photographs; these poses may not correspond well with actual experiences and expressions of emotion.

Front 7

Salespeople who force themselves to smile at customers all day may actually end up feeling relatively happy. This effect can be BEST explained by
the facial feedback hypothesis.
excitation transfer theory.
the Yerkes-Dodson law.
catharsis theory.

Back 7

the facial feedback hypothesis.

Front 8

According to the textbook, emotions do all of the following on a consistent basis EXCEPT

increase helping behavior.
help people learn from their mistakes.
influence thinking and actions.
promote communication.

Back 8

increase helping behavior.

Front 9

Which of the following is an example of a low arousal, pleasant emotion?
Frustration
Tiredness
Relaxation
Astonishment

Back 9

Relaxation

Front 10

The notion of emotional intelligence was popularized by the writings of
Daniel Goleman.
David Caruso.
John Mayer.
Peter Salovey.

Back 10

Daniel Goleman.

Front 11

In a famous study conducted by social psychologists Aron and Dutton, it was found that a female experimenter was most likely to be hit on by participants after they had walked across a scary, narrow bridge as opposed to after they had walked across a normal, stable bridge. This finding can be MOST easily explained by
the Yerkes-Dodson law.
sham.
catharsis.
excitation transfer.

Back 11

excitation transfer.

Front 12

In social psychology, a feeling state that is not linked to any particular event is known as a(n)
emotion.
affect.
prejudice.
mood

Back 12

mood

Front 13

Compared to men, women are more likely to __________ when feeling depressed.

ruminate (repeatedly think about the problem)
try to distract themselves with other thoughts or activities
turn to wine or other alcohol
use humor

Back 13

ruminate (repeatedly think about the problem)

Front 14

Timbre is very upset because she received a poor grade on a big English assignment. It would be most accurate to say that Timbre is experiencing a(n)

emotion.
affect.
mood.
attitude.

Back 14

emotion

Front 15

The term "affect balance" refers to
the degree to which a person's affects are stable, or consistent, across time.
the degree to which a person's affects are stable, or consistent, across situations.
the frequency of one's positive emotions minus the frequency of one's negative emotions.
the average level of (positive) emotion experienced by a group or society.

Back 15

the frequency of one's positive emotions minus the frequency of one's negative emotions.

Front 16

The fact that children learn to conceal their emotions as they grow up supports the theme that
“the bad is greater than the good.”
“there are always tradeoffs.”
“nature says go, culture says stop.”
“inner processes serve interpersonal relations.”

Back 16

“nature says go, culture says stop.”

Front 17

Research on happiness and parenting indicates that couples who have children are __________ than couples who do not have children, although __________.
happier, this finding is not consistent.
happier, this may be a modern phenomenon.
less happy, this finding is not consistent.
less happy, this may be a modern phenomenon.

Back 17

less happy, this may be a modern phenomenon.

Front 18

T/F
It is more or less always the case that affect regulation is aimed at "feeling better right now."

Back 18

F

Front 19

One of the best things to do if you want to feel good and avoid emotional distress is to
form and maintain good social relationships with others.
limit your social contact with others.
have high affective intensity.
have low affective intensity.

Back 19

form and maintain good social relationships with others.

Front 20

Joe's entire neighborhood was hit by a forest fire last year. While nearly all of the houses in the neighborhood were burnt to a crisp, Joe's house was miraculously spared and left fully intact. If Joe was like most people, he would nonetheless feel very badly that he came out of the fire alright while others suffered so much. That is, he would be feeling a form of
schadenfreude.
survivor guilt.
guilty conscience.
catharsis.

Back 20

survivor guilt.

Front 21

Research indicates that when heterosexual men watch films of homosexual men having sex with each other, the heterosexual men who are most homophobic
report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, and show less genital arousal than other people.
report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, but actually show more genital arousal than other people.
report that they are actually as tolerant of the films as other people, but show less genital arousal than other people.
report that they are actually as tolerant of the films as other people, and also show more genital arousal than other people.

Back 21

report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, but actually show more genital arousal than other people.

Front 22

Routinely repressing, or seeking to conceal, feelings of anger is MOST associated with an increased risk of
suicide.
heart disease.
depression.
anxiety disorders.

Back 22

heart disease.

Front 23

When people are extremely aroused, their work performance often suffers. Research suggests that this is likely because extremely aroused people
are so narrowly focused on the task in front of them that they frequently miss (and fail to make use of) other relevant, useful information.
are easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli, failing to focus their attention on the most important pieces of the task at hand.
tend to multitask and rush through jobs—such that they fail to attend to details and make a relatively large number of "careless" errors.
are overly confident in their capabilities and thus fail to double-check or question their work product.

Back 23

are so narrowly focused on the task in front of them that they frequently miss (and fail to make use of) other relevant, useful information.

Front 24

In recent years, there have been a number of cases where police officers have shot innocent, unarmed citizens. For example, not long ago, an officer of the LAPD shot a thirteen year-old boy who was driving a car; the officer later stated that he thought the boy was driving the car toward him as a weapon (and he also stated that he did not register certain major facts of the situation that would have convinced him otherwise). While the officer's behavior is in no way excusable, does his account line up with what we know about how stress affects behavior?
No, it doesn't; stress actually improves people's ability to take in and process information.
No, it doesn't; stress does not have any net impact (either positive or negative) on people's ability to take in or process information.

Yes, it does; research shows that extreme stress can narrow attention and focus so much that people completely fail to register important and relevant pieces of information.
Yes, it does; research shows that extreme stress can broaden attention and focus so much that people end up "taking it all in" but not being able to register the most important, relevant pieces of information.

Back 24

Yes, it does; research shows that extreme stress can narrow attention and focus so much that people completely fail to register important and relevant pieces of information.

Front 25

Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that people may sometimes mislabel, or relabel, their arousal as one emotion versus another?
The James-Lange theory
The Cannon-Bard theory
The Schachter and Singer theory
The Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 25

The Schachter and Singer theory

Front 26

Research on the value of venting anger and catharsis suggests that
counter to most people's intuition, venting anger almost always ends up making people angrier than they were before.
venting anger only works to reduce anger when people believe in the value of venting.
venting only works to reduce anger when people enjoy and get satisfaction out of the venting.
venting anger only works to reduce anger when people believe in the value of venting AND enjoy and get satisfaction out of the venting.

Back 26

counter to most people's intuition, venting anger almost always ends up making people angrier than they were before.

Front 27

Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, they generally try to orchestrate their lives to maximize the experience of positive emotion and minimize the experience of negative emotion. This pattern illustrates that emotions provide a(n)
feedback system.
color to life.
motives for criminal behavior.
motives for creative behavior.

Back 27

feedback system.

Front 28

Consider the following quote: "... we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble...". With which of the following theories is it MOST consistent?
The Cannon-Bard theory
The James-Lange theory
The Schachter-Singer theory
the excitation transfer theory

Back 28

The James-Lange theory

Front 29

Lottery winners are no happier than anyone else a year after their big win. Similarly, people who have experienced serious physical injuries seem to "get over it" fairly well across time and return to their pre-injury level of happiness. These findings are consistent with research on
the hedonic treadmill.
the broaden-and-build theory.
emotional intelligence (EQ).
personal affective indices.

Back 29

the hedonic treadmill.

Front 30

T/F
Future artists are more likely to score high on the AIM instrument than future scientists.

Back 30

T

Front 31

T/F
Contrary to what many people think, married couples generally believe (prior to having any children) that having children will make them less happy.

Back 31

F

Front 32

It is sometimes suggested that, if you want a date to develop strong emotions toward you, it is a good idea to take him or her to a place that will be physiologically arousing—such as a horror movie or roller coaster. This idea is consistent with research on
the Yerkes-Dodson law.
sham.
catharsis.
excitation transfer.

Back 32

excitation transfer.

Front 33

Which of the following emotions has been referred to as "the shadow of intelligence"?
Fear
Guilt
Anxiety
Anger

Back 33

Anxiety

Front 34

There are three major ways that people deal with anger: They repress it (e.g., by denying their anger), they vent it (e.g., by yelling at someone), or they try to get rid of it (e.g., by relaxing or going for a jog). Which approach is generally MOST successful at reducing anger?
Venting.
Repressing—although there are long-term costs.
Getting rid of it.
Whichever approach the person believes will be most successful.

Back 34

Getting rid of it.

Front 35

According to the textbook, emotions tend—on the whole—to
promote strong interpersonal relationships.
have a detrimental impact on interpersonal relationships.
"test" relationships, so that only the most committed relationships last.
be helpful in promoting communication within close relationships, but be detrimental to formal relationships and acquaintanceships (e.g., work relationships).

Back 35

promote strong interpersonal relationships.

Front 36

Art has just been on a long run at the beach with his dog. When he arrives home he is still breathing hard and his heart is still racing; he is physiologically highly aroused. When a neighbor bumps into him in the hallway, Art completely freaks out and verbally attacks the neighbor. He demands: "Did you just push me? Do you have a problem, man?" It looks like Art may have misattributed his arousal (from his run to his neighbor). That is, Art's behavior illustrates
the Yerkes-Dodson law.
sham.
catharsis.
excitation transfer.

Back 36

excitation transfer.

Front 37

Scores on the AIM instrument tell us
how precise emotional experiences are for people.
the source of emotional experience in individuals.
how intense emotional experience is for a person.
the relative balance of good versus bad emotion in one’s life.

Back 37

how intense emotional experience is for a person.

Front 38

In what way is anger different from contempt?
Anger is a more pleasant state of arousal.
Contempt is a more pleasant state of arousal.
Anger tends to motivate more approach behavior with attempts to create change.
Contempt tends to motivate more approach behavior with attempts to create change.

Back 38

Anger tends to motivate more approach behavior with attempts to create change.

Front 39

Is the physiological arousal that people have when they are emotional actually the same for all emotions? Current research suggests that
there is indeed just one basic form of arousal, though it has degrees of intensity.
there are at least two basic arousal states—one pleasant and the other unpleasant.
there are approximately seven basic forms of arousal, which match up to the seven basic emotions that have been identified.
there are in fact many (a seemingly infinite number of) distinct forms of arousal.

Back 39

there are at least two basic arousal states—one pleasant and the other unpleasant.

Front 40

Alice was attacked by a pig when she was a child, and developed a strong phobia of pigs. Whenever she sees a pig—whether on a farm, in a zoo, or even in a movie—she has a strong and immediate automatic reaction. This reaction is BEST classified as a(n)
emotion.
affect.
mood.
attitude.

Back 40

affect.

Front 41

Compared to people who are sad or afraid, people who are happy or angry tend to
take fewer risks.
be more confident and optimistic.
be less likely to take a stand for what they believe in.
be better able to concentrate on information that is presented to them.

Back 41

be more confident and optimistic.

Front 42

Research on guilt indicates that people mainly feel guilt about
things they have done to themselves.
things they have done to people they are close with.
things they have done to acquaintances or strangers.
things people have done to them.

Back 42

things they have done to people they are close with.

Front 43

Which of the following statements summarizes your textbook’s conclusions about affective regulation?
It should be used to prevent awareness of negative emotions.
It should be used to promote awareness of positive emotions.
It should be used to control emotions after you have experienced an emotion, positive or negative.
It is not safe to do under any circumstance.

Back 43

It should be used to control emotions after you have experienced an emotion, positive or negative.

Front 44

Sadness is likely to
make one have a lower selling price for an object.
make one have a higher selling price for an object.
decrease what one is willing to pay for an object.
both make one have a higher selling price and willing to pay more to purchase an object.

Back 44

make one have a lower selling price for an object.

Front 45

Research on happiness and parenting indicates that couples who have children are __________ than couples who do not have children, although __________.
happier, this finding is not consistent.
happier, people expect that having children will make them less happy.
less happy, this finding is not consistent.
less happy, people expect that having children will make them happier.

Back 45

less happy, people expect that having children will make them happier.

Front 46

Suppose that you get a creepy feeling every time you ride the bus at night. Even if you have never heard about anything scary happening on the bus at night, you might end up using this feeling to form a judgment that riding the bus at night is a bad thing. Forming a judgment in such a way would be consistent with
the idea of affective forecasting.
the idea of affect balance.
the affect-as-information hypothesis.
having high emotional intelligence (EQ)

Back 46

the affect-as-information hypothesis.

Front 47

Interestingly, research on health and happiness has found that how often a person gets sick __________, while how satisfied a person is with his or her health __________.
is a weak predictor of happiness, is also a weak predictor of happiness.
is a weak predictor of happiness, is a strong predictor of happiness.
is a strong predictor of happiness, is a weak predictor of happiness.
is a strong predictor of happiness, is also a strong predictor of happiness.

Back 47

is a weak predictor of happiness, is a strong predictor of happiness.

Front 48

Affects differ from emotions in a number of ways. For example, affects tend to
occur more automatically.
involve a stronger behavioral component.
be more likely to relate to particular events.
be more complex.

Back 48

occur more automatically.

Front 49

In which of the following situations would you be most likely to have a Duchenne smile on your face?
You have just learned that your enemy has been fired from his job. You are in public, among colleagues, so you have to pretend to feel bad for him (but secretly you are gleeful inside).
Your enemy just got a big promotion at work. You have to pretend to be happy for him, but you are secretly annoyed and jealous of his success.
You see your enemy on the street. You give him a quick fake smile—more of a sneer—just to show him that he is still your enemy.
You have just won an award and feel jubilant (especially because your enemy was not the winner).

Back 49

You have just won an award and feel jubilant (especially because your enemy was not the winner).

Front 50

Research on marriage, parenting, and happiness suggests that one of the happiest times in people's lives, especially for women, is
the interval between the day one is engaged and the day one is married.
the interval between the day one is married and the day one's first child is born.
the first year after one's first child is born.
the first year after one's children have grown up and left the parents' house.

Back 50

the interval between the day one is married and the day one's first child is born.

Front 51

Even though Amanda just met Diego two minutes ago, she has a good feeling about him right off the bat. According to the __________ hypothesis, it is therefore likely that Amanda will also decide within minutes that Diego is a good person.
affective forecasting
affect balance
affect-as-information
emotional intelligence (EQ)

Back 51

affect-as-information

Front 52

The emotion of disgust is MOST likely to make you willing to
pay more for an object.
pay less for an object.
lower a selling price for an object.
pay less for an object, and also sell an object for less, too.

Back 52

pay less for an object, and also sell an object for less, too.

Front 53

How many arousal states are there?
1
2
3
4

Back 53

two

Front 54

The most complex form of happiness is
emotional intelligence (EQ).
affect balance.
positive emotion index (PEI).
life satisfaction.

Back 54

life satisfaction.

Front 55

Research suggests that neutral forms of arousal (e.g., arousal induced by caffeine) can generally be converted—via misattribution—into
negative emotions but not positive emotions.
positive emotions but not negative emotions.
either positive emotions or negative emotions.
other neutral states only (e.g., excitement)—and not positive or negative emotions.

Back 55

either positive emotions or negative emotions.

Front 56

In a study by Lerner, Small, and Loewenstein (2004) the emotions they studied were
caused by the consequences of financial decisions in the study.
leftover from a previous event.
happiness and sadness.
guilt and shame.

Back 56

leftover from a previous event.

Front 57

Which of the following theories of emotion inspired the facial feedback hypothesis?
The Cannon-Bard theory
The James-Lange theory
The Schachter-Singer theory
the excitation transfer theory

Back 57

The James-Lange theory

Front 58

For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a bad mood?
Only adults with binge eating disorders
Both adults with binge eating disorders and adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders)
Only adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders)
Adults with binge eating disorders, adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders), and adults who do not binge eat

Back 58

Adults with binge eating disorders, adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders), and adults who do not binge eat

Front 59

According to the textbook, emotional intelligence is denoted as
EI
EQ
EIQ
EMI

Back 59

EQ.

Front 60

Who would benefit MOST from having a high score on the AIM instrument?
Jody, who has a relatively “easy” life with lots of good experiences.
Jim, who has a relatively “difficult” life with lots of stressors.
Janna, whose life is a balance between good and bad experiences.
Jarboe, who is low on life satisfaction.

Back 60

Jody, who has a relatively “easy” life with lots of good experiences.

Front 61

Anger tends to make people to all of the following things EXCEPT
take more risks.
feel more optimistic.
be more likely to take a stand for what they believe in.
review information more thoroughly before acting on it.

Back 61

review information more thoroughly before acting on it.

Front 62

The emotion of anxiety has been referred to as "the shadow of intelligence" because
anxiety is highly correlated with IQ.
humans are the only animals who experience anxiety.
anxiety motivates people to plan ahead and avoid risks.
anxiety tends to interfere with smart, healthy decision-making.

Back 62

anxiety motivates people to plan ahead and avoid risks.

Front 63

Asian Americans differ from European Americans in emotional expression in
most ways.
no way.
that they show fewer Duchenne smiles.
that they show fewer non-Duchenne smiles.

Back 63

that they show fewer non-Duchenne smiles.

Front 64

T/F
Research indicates that men may actually be innately more emotional (i.e., experience emotions more strongly) as compared to women.

Back 64

T

Front 65

Research suggests that people often seek to cultivate neutral moods (rather than positive or negative moods) when they are about to interact with
someone new.
a close relationship partner.
a close family member.
a depressed person.

Back 65

someone new.

Front 66

A good deal of research has examined whether men and women differ in terms of the strength of their emotional reactions. What has this research found?
In beeper studies women report slightly stronger emotional reactions than men, but on physiological measures there are essentially no gender differences.
In beeper studies there are almost no gender differences, but on physiological measures women show slightly stronger emotional reactions.
In beeper studies and on physiological measures, women show slightly stronger emotional reactions than men.
There are essentially no gender differences either in beeper studies or on physiological measures.

Back 66

There are essentially no gender differences either in beeper studies or on physiological measures.

Front 67

T/F
Sherrill is really good at affective forecasting. She probably will also score high on the Managing Emotions branch of an Emotional Intelligence measure.

Back 67

T

Front 68

In a well-known study conducted by Schachter and Singer, wherein participants were injected either with a stimulant or a placebo and were then exposed to a highly emotional stimulus, it was found that participants showed the strongest emotional reactions when
they were injected with a stimulant (and knew it).
they were injected with a stimulant (but didn't know it).
they were injected with a placebo (and knew it).
they were injected with a placebo (but didn't know it).

Back 68

they were injected with a stimulant (but didn't know it).

Front 69

T/F
Anya is trying to predict how upset she would be if she got into a car accident and her car was completely totaled. Psychologists would say that Anya is engaging in affective forecasting.

Back 69

T

Front 70

Most researchers describe affect as
occurring along a single dimension, ranging from negative to positive.
occurring along a single dimension, ranging from weak to strong.
occurring along two separate dimensions, negative and positive.
occurring along two separate dimensions, weak and strong.

Back 70

occurring along two separate dimensions, negative and positive.

Front 71

T/F
Anger tends to lead to rejection and social exclusion of the person at whom you are angry.

Back 71

F

Front 72

Research on gender differences in emotion suggests that __________ may be relatively more emotional; and __________ may be relatively more willing to report and discuss their feelings.
men, men
men, women
women, men
women, women

Back 72

men, women

Front 73

The broaden-and-build theory is an explanation for
how emotions guide learning and decision-making.
the function of positive emotions.
how we learn to identify emotions.
how anger and aggression can be socially adaptive.

Back 73

the function of positive emotions.

Front 74

Marcus is talking to his sister on the phone. He senses, accurately, that she is feeling pressured and needs to go. Marcus often has experiences where he is able to accurately identify what the other person is feeling. He would probably score high on the ___ branch on a test of emotional intelligence.Perceiving Emotions
Managing Emotions
Facilitating Thought
Understanding Emotions

Back 74

Perceiving Emotions

Front 75

Broadly speaking, in considering the link between emotions and decision-making, it appears that anticipated emotions tend to __________ decision-making, while current emotional states tend to __________ decision-making.
guide and improve, guide and improve
guide and improve, have little impact on
guide and improve, bias and hurt
bias and hurt, guide and improve

Back 75

guide and improve, bias and hurt

Front 76

Extreme stress negatively impacts people's judgment and performance because it
narrows their attention and focus so much that they sometimes end up ignoring important, relevant pieces of information.
broadens their attention and focus so much that they sometimes end up "taking it all in" but not being able to identify the most important, relevant pieces of information.
leads people to act in a purely self-interested manner.
leads people to feel overly confident in their capabilities.

Back 76

narrows their attention and focus so much that they sometimes end up ignoring important, relevant pieces of information.

Front 77

Martin is a very powerful company president. When he conducts a meeting, if he so much as frowns, the other people in the room behave so as to stop the potential conflict they see coming based on that frown. This reaction to Martin’s anger illustrates the aspect of anger.
action-motivating
conflict-defusing
impulsive
aggressive

Back 77

conflict-defusing

Front 78

Social psychologists use the term __________ to refer to the frequency of one's positive emotions minus the frequency of one's negative emotions.
emotional intelligence (EQ)
affect balance
positive emotion index (PEI)
life satisfaction

Back 78

affect balance

Front 79

Rojit is extremely frustrated with his boss, Tony, who has asked him to work over the weekend to complete a big project. Rojit deals with his frustration by sneaking into the departmental lounge and surreptitiously stabbing a Voodoo doll that he has made of Tony. He then returns to his desk. According to research, will this help Rojit relieve his anger?
Yes—it should help a little bit no matter what.
Yes—although it will only help if Rojit believes it will help.
No—it will probably have no impact at all on Rojit's anger.
No—in fact, it will probably make Rojit even angrier.

Back 79

No—in fact, it will probably make Rojit even angrier.

Front 80

According to the textbook, emotions are __________, whereas moods are __________.
linked to particular events, not linked to particular events
not linked to particular events, linked to particular events
automatic responses, conscious evaluations
conscious evaluations, automatic responses

Back 80

linked to particular events, not linked to particular events

Front 81

As discussed in the textbook, one study, conducted in 2001, examined short biographies that were written by nuns in 1930. The study found that the nuns who __________ in the biographies had lived about 10 years longer than the nuns who didn't.
focused on their adult lives rather than their childhoods
expressed high commitment to being a nun
focused on other people (rather than themselves)
expressed high positive emotions

Back 81

expressed high positive emotions

Front 82

The idea that people maintain relatively constant levels of happiness or unhappiness—regardless of what happens to them—has been referred to as
the hedonic treadmill.
the broaden-and-build theory.
emotional intelligence (EQ).
personal affective index.

Back 82

the hedonic treadmill.

Front 83

When women with high levels of sex guilt watch erotic films, they tend to
report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, and show less genital arousal than other people.
report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, but actually show more genital arousal than other people.
report that they are as tolerant of the films as other people, but actually show less genital arousal than other people.
report that they are as tolerant of the films as other people, and also show more genital arousal than other people.

Back 83

report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, but actually show more genital arousal than other people.

Front 84

People use many strategies to try to regulate affect and stay in a good mood. While the data are very complex, research suggests that one of the MOST effective strategies is
spending time alone.
watching television.
exercising.
drinking alcohol.

Back 84

exercising.

Front 85

Research on gender differences in emotions has found that
women tend to experience more positive emotions than men.
women tend to experience emotions more strongly than men.
women tend to experience emotions more frequently than men.
there are almost no gender differences in terms of strength, frequency, or valence of emotional experiences.

Back 85

there are almost no gender differences in terms of strength, frequency, or valence of emotional experiences.

Front 86

According to the textbook, an affect is different than an emotion in that an affect is __________ while an emotion is __________.
a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event, a conscious evaluative reaction to some event
an automatic response that something is good or bad, a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event
an automatic response that something is good or bad, a conscious evaluative reaction to some event
a conscious evaluative reaction to some event, an automatic response that something is good or bad

Back 86

an automatic response that something is good or bad, a conscious evaluative reaction to some event

Front 87

Research on the objective and subjective predictors of happiness indicates that __________ has only a weak relationship to happiness, but __________ is a strong predictor of happiness.
how often you get sick, how often people around you get sick
how often you get sick, how satisfied you are with your health
how often people around you get sick, how often you get sick
how satisfied you are with your health, how often you get sick

Back 87

how often you get sick, how satisfied you are with your health

Front 88

Research indicates that MOST non-human animals
do not experience any of the same basic emotions that humans do.
experience only about half of the basic emotions that humans do.
experience the same basic emotions that humans do, but experience them for much shorter periods of time.
experience the same basic emotions that humans do, but experience them based on specific, concrete events rather than on collections of events or broader, abstract ideas.

Back 88

experience the same basic emotions that humans do, but experience them based on specific, concrete events rather than on collections of events or broader, abstract ideas.

Front 89

Research indicates that most non-human animals
experience only three basic emotions.
do not experience any emotions.
experience emotions such as fear, rage, joy, and even love.
experience only two basic emotions.

Back 89

experience emotions such as fear, rage, joy, and even love.

Front 90

Which of the following items would be MOST likely to be found on the AIM instrument?
When I am nervous, I get shaky all over.
I feel guilty sometimes.
I feel happier when I smile.
I am generally satisfied with my life.

Back 90

When I am nervous, I get shaky all over.

Front 91

People typically tend to form affects
within a few microseconds.
within a few seconds or minutes.
after a few days or weeks of being exposed to someone or something.
across a span of several years.

Back 91

within a few microseconds.

Front 92

Research on "positive psychology" indicates that you may be able to increase your overall level of happiness if you sit down once or twice a week and make a list of
all the good things that have happened to you.
all the ways that you are better than other people.
all the bad things that have happened to other people.
all the good things you have done for other people.

Back 92

all the good things that have happened to you.

Front 93

Research on repressing versus venting anger shows that
neither of these things is associated with heart disease.
repressing anger is associated with heart disease, while venting anger is not.
venting anger is associated with heart disease, while repressing anger is not.
both of these things are associated with heart disease.

Back 93

both of these things are associated with heart disease.

Front 94

Of the factors listed below, the strongest predictor of a person's happiness is
one's income (relative to the average income for his/her demographic).
the number of blood relatives with whom a person regularly communicates.
one's level of physical health.
how happy the person was 10 years earlier.

Back 94

how happy the person was 10 years earlier.

Front 95

The concept of emotional intelligence has to do with one's ability
to recognize others' emotions.
to recognize others' emotions and understand others' emotions.
to recognize and understand one's own emotions.
to recognize and understand emotions in oneself and in others.

Back 95

to recognize and understand emotions in oneself and in others.

Front 96

T/F
The emotion of disgust tends to make people lower their selling price and lower what they would pay for an object.

Back 96

T

Front 97

Which of the following statements is an example of a person engaging in affective forecasting?
"The reason that he dropped out of school was because he felt insecure and incompetent."
"If he ever betrayed me, I would be so depressed I would never recover."
"If I hadn't gotten reprimanded by my boss that one time, I never would have hated my job as much as I did."
"If I had only trusted him and not said anything, we wouldn't have gotten into that stupid argument."

Back 97

"If he ever betrayed me, I would be so depressed I would never recover."

Front 98

Research on the so-called "hedonic treadmill" has shown that both state lottery winners and paralysis victims __________, although paralysis victims __________.
"get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness more quickly than might be expected, do not recover as quickly.
"get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness more quickly than might be expected, actually recover even more quickly.
take longer to "get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness than might be expected, take an especially long time to recover.
take longer to "get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness than might be expected, actually recover more quickly.

Back 98

"get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness more quickly than might be expected, do not recover as quickly.

Front 99

The ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth is called
affect balance.
emotional intelligence.
excitation transfer.
catharsis.

Back 99

emotional intelligence.

Front 100

Which of the following emotions is MOST associated with seeking to do good acts, such as apologizing?
Shame
Guilt
Humiliation
Anger

Back 100

Guilt

Front 101

David has been in a joyful mood all month. According to the broaden-and-build hypothesis of positive emotions,
David will try to "spread" his good mood around to others.
David's mindset will be "expanded" (such that he has the urge to play, push limits, and so forth).
David will attempt to hold on to this joyful feeling as long as he can.
David will tend to spend more time with people who are also in positive moods (and less time with people who are in negative moods).

Back 101

David's mindset will be "expanded" (such that he has the urge to play, push limits, and so forth).

Front 102

T/F
Research suggest that people are speedier and more accurate at problem-solving when they are in negative moods as opposed to positive moods.

Back 102

F

Front 103

Positive emotions tend to be associated with
challenging life events.
low emotional intelligence.
forming a social bond with someone else.
breaking a social bond with someone else.

Back 103

forming a social bond with someone else.

Front 104

Compared to negative emotions, there are _________ positive emotions.
relatively few, but more differentiated,
relatively few, and less differentiated,
more, and more differentiated,
more, but less differentiated,

Back 104

relatively few, and less differentiated,

Front 105

Research on sexual arousal indicates that the link between (a) self-reported sexual arousal and (b) physiological measures of arousal in the genitals is
stronger among men than among women.
stronger among women than among men.
stronger among people who are generally highly emotional than among people who are generally unemotional—regardless of gender.
stronger among people who are (at that moment) highly emotional than among people who are (at that moment) unemotional—regardless of gender.

Back 105

stronger among men than among women.

Front 106

Research on gender differences in the experience of love suggests that, compared to women, men
fall in love relatively quickly, but also fall out of love relatively quickly.
fall in love relatively quickly, and fall out of love relatively slowly.
fall in love relatively slowly, and fall out of love relatively quickly.
fall in love relatively slowly, but also fall out of love relatively slowly.

Back 106

fall in love relatively quickly, and fall out of love relatively slowly.

Front 107

Research on gender differences in empathy suggests that __________ in accurately understanding the emotional states of others
women are quite a bit better
women are slightly better
there are no gender differences
men are quite a bit better

Back 107

there are no gender differences

Front 108

Suppose that it is Friday night, that Xavier and her friends have been out at a party, and that they are now heading home. Suppose also that Xavier has had a little bit to drink, but not a lot. Is it safe for her to drive home or should she call a cab instead? How will she decide what to do? According to the risk-as-feelings hypothesis
her current mood will influence her assessment of risk (e.g., if she is in a relatively good mood, she will see relatively little danger in driving).
she will consult her friends and see what their feelings are about it.
she will consider the worst possible scenario, and then simply make a decision based on her gut.
she will recall the last time that she was in this situation, what she did, and how she felt about it. She will then let that recollection guide her decision.

Back 108

she will consider the worst possible scenario, and then simply make a decision based on her gut.

Front 109

Research on the emotions of guilt and shame suggests that, while guilt is usually __________ shame is usually __________.
automatic, conscious
conscious, automatic
constructive, destructive
destructive, constructive

Back 109

constructive, destructive

Front 110

How do positive emotions impact problem-solving? Research suggests that being in a good mood
improves cognitive flexibility and creativity, but does not necessarily improve problem-solving ability.
improves persistence, but does not necessarily improve problem-solving ability.
improves cognitive flexibility and creativity, as well as persistence, but does not necessarily improve problem-solving ability.
improves cognitive flexibility and creativity, persistence, and problem-solving ability.

Back 110

improves cognitive flexibility and creativity, persistence, and problem-solving ability.

Front 111

According to the __________ hypothesis, people tend to evaluate things as good or bad in part by asking themselves: "How do I feel about it?"
affective forecasting
affect balance
affect-as-information
emotional intelligence (EQ)

Back 111

affect-as-information

Front 112

Which of the following statements summarizes your textbook’s conclusions about affective regulation?
It should be used to prevent awareness of negative emotions.
It should be used to promote awareness of positive emotions.
It should be used to control emotions after you have experienced an emotion, positive or negative.
It is not safe to do under any circumstance.

Back 112

It should be used to control emotions after you have experienced an emotion, positive or negative.

Front 113

Which of the following statements summarizes Russell’s position on Ekman’s research on facial expression cross-culturally?
He supports the facial expression-emotion link Ekman has found.
He wholly rejects Ekman’s findings.
He argues with Ekman’s methodology, feeling still faces would be better to study than moving faces.
He argues with Ekman’s methodology, feeling moving faces would be better to study than still faces

Back 113

He argues with Ekman’s methodology, feeling moving faces would be better to study than still faces

Front 114

Bechara et al. (1997) conducted a study in which they allowed participants to draw from various decks of cards. For some decks, the cards generally signaled a “win” of a small amount of money. Other decks dealt with larger amounts but you could win or lose money. The people who lacked emotion tended to ___ in this study.
choose only from the decks with larger sums
choose only from the decks with small wins
go back to the same deck over and over
behave similarly to those who were capable of emotion

Back 114

go back to the same deck over and over

Front 115

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, the relationship between arousal and performance can be described by
a positive linear function (i.e., more arousal leads to better performance).
a negative linear function (i.e., less arousal leads to better performance).
a positive exponential function (i.e., more arousal leads to better and better performance; a lot of arousal leads to tremendously good performance).
an inverted U-shaped function (more arousal leads to better performance, but only up to a point; too much arousal can hinder performance).

Back 115

an inverted U-shaped function (more arousal leads to better performance, but only up to a point; too much arousal can hinder performance).

Front 116

The area of the brain known as the thalamus is central to the __________ theory of emotion.
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schachter and Singer
excitation transfer

Back 116

Cannon-Bard

Front 117

According to catharsis theory,
expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release and is therefore good for the psyche.
practicing emotional restraint of negative emotions (i.e., holding in negative emotions) can help to dissipate, or reduce, such emotions across time.
ironically, people tend to feel unpleasant emotions when they have survived a negative experience when others have suffered.
emotions tend to promote interpersonal ties.

Back 117

expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release and is therefore good for the psyche.

Front 118

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis states that
people rely on emotions to evaluate risk.
people tend to disregard emotions (more than they should) when evaluating risk.
risky situations are more emotion-arousing than non-risky situations.
most people experience a distinct positive emotion (in addition to any negative emotions like fear) when engaging in risky behavior.

Back 118

people rely on emotions to evaluate risk.

Front 119

Research shows that there is often a strong association between feeling negative emotions and overeating. However, this association does NOT occur __________.

among people with binge eating disorders.
among people who regularly binge eat (regardless of whether or not people have a binge eating disorder)
unless people are overweight or obese.
unless people believe that eating will make them feel better

Back 119

unless people believe that eating will make them feel better

Front 120

According to catharsis theory,
expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release and is therefore good for the psyche.
practicing emotional restraint of negative emotions (i.e., holding in negative emotions) can help to dissipate, or reduce, such emotions across time.
ironically, people tend to feel unpleasant emotions when they have survived a negative experience when others have suffered.
emotions tend to promote interpersonal ties.

Back 120

expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release and is therefore good for the psyche.

Front 121

Which of the following statements summarizes your textbook’s conclusions about affective regulation?

It should be used to prevent awareness of negative emotions.
It should be used to promote awareness of positive emotions.
It should be used to control emotions after you have experienced an emotion, positive or negative.
It is not safe to do under any circumstance.

Back 121

It should be used to control emotions after you have experienced an emotion, positive or negative.

Front 122

Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that excitation transfer may sometimes happen?
The James-Lange theory
The Cannon-Bard theory
The Schachter and Singer theory
The Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 122

The Schachter and Singer theory

Front 123

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis suggests that
when evaluating risk, people tend to focus on the safe features of a situation (rather than the unsafe features).
when evaluating risk, people completely disregard the probabilities of safe or unsafe outcomes actually occurring.
people's judgments about risk are overly conscious (with not enough attention paid to automatic assessments).
people's judgments about risk are overly emotional (with undue attention paid to gut reactions).

Back 123

people's judgments about risk are overly emotional (with undue attention paid to gut reactions).

Front 124

In the opening of this chapter, two men’s reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men were able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that
emotion is largely consciously controlled.
emotion is largely outside conscious awareness.
emotion is a positive coping skill.
emotion is a negative coping skill.

Back 124

emotion is largely outside conscious awareness.

Front 125

Suppose that Natalie and her boyfriend just got into a huge argument, and Natalie went to the gym and punched a punching bag (imagining the whole time that the punching bag was her boyfriend), hoping to "let off some steam." How much will this approach help?
It will only help to reduce her anger if she really believes in the value of venting and catharsis.
It will only help to reduce her anger if she enjoys the venting and gets some satisfaction from it.
It will only help to reduce her anger if she really believes in the value of venting and catharsis AND if she enjoys the venting and gets some satisfaction from it.
It will not help to reduce her anger regardless of whether she believes in the value of venting and catharsis AND regardless of whether she enjoys the venting and gets some satisfaction from it.

Back 125

It will not help to reduce her anger regardless of whether she believes in the value of venting and catharsis AND regardless of whether she enjoys the venting and gets some satisfaction from it.