Psy Test One Cards

Front 1

endocrine glandular system

Back 1

the body's other major communication system. achieved through hormones which are secreted by endocrine glands

Front 2

pituitary gland

Back 2

most influential gland in endocrine, releases hormones for human growth and hormones that direct other glands to release hormones

Front 3

hormone

Back 3

chemical messanger produced by endocrine gland

Front 4

emotion

Back 4

complex psychological stage that involves a state of physiological arousal 1. physiological 2. behavioral 3. cognitive

Front 5

James-Lange Theory

Back 5

theory of emotion that proposes that an emotion is determined from a cognitive appraisal of the phsiological arousal or behavioral (whichever occurs first)

Front 6

Cannon-Bard Theory

Back 6

a theory of emotion proposion that an emotion is determined from simultaneously occuring responses

Front 7

Schachter-Singer two factor theory

Back 7

proposes that emotion is determined by cognitive appraisal of the physiological arousal and the entire environment situation

Front 8

medulla

Back 8

brain stem structure involved in many essential body functions

Front 9

pons

Back 9

brain stem structure that serves as a bridge between cerebellum and rest of the brain

Front 10

reticular formation

Back 10

a network of neurons running up the center of the brain stem, responsible for levels of arousal and consciousness

Front 11

cerebellum

Back 11

a part of the brain involved in the coordination of movements

Front 12

thalamus

Back 12

part of the brain that serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information

Front 13

basal ganglia

Back 13

a part of the brain that is involved in the initiation and execution of movements

Front 14

limbic system

Back 14

a group of brain structures that play an important role in survival, memory and emotions

Front 15

Hypothalamus

Back 15

part of the brain that is involved in regulating basic drives such as eating drinking and sex

Front 16

Hippocampus

Back 16

formation of memories

Front 17

amygdala

Back 17

emotions by influencing aggression fear and anger and providing an emotional element of our memories

Front 18

cerebral cortex

Back 18

layers of interconnected cells covering the brains to hemispheres, control and information processing center for the nervous system

Front 19

corpus callosum

Back 19

the bridge of neurons that connects the two cerebal hemispheres

Front 20

frontal lobe

Back 20

top front of brain

Front 21

parietal lobe

Back 21

top back of the brain

Front 22

temporal lobe

Back 22

bottom of the brain

Front 23

occipital lobe

Back 23

back bottom of the brain (vision)

Front 24

motor cortex

Back 24

allows us to move different parts of the body

Front 25

somatosensory cortex

Back 25

allows us to sense temporature, pain in different parts of the body as well as position of the body

Front 26

association cortex

Back 26

this is where all higher level cognitive processing occurs

Front 27

Broca's area

Back 27

area of cerebral cortex responsible for fluent speech production

Front 28

Wernicke's area

Back 28

responsible for comprehension of speech and text

Front 29

absolute threshold

Back 29

minimum amount of area in a sensory stimulus detected 50% of the time

Front 30

signal detection theory

Back 30

a theory that assumes that the detection of faint sensory stimuli depends not only upon a person's physiological sensitivity to a stimulus but also upon his decision criterion for detection

Front 31

difference threshold

Back 31

the minimum difference between two sensory stimuli detected by 50 percent of the time.

Front 32

Weber's Law

Back 32

for each time of sensory judgment we make the measured difference threshold is a constant fraction of the standard stimulus value used to measure it

Front 33

Stevens's power law

Back 33

the percieved magnitued of the stimulus is equal to the actual physical intensity raised by to some constant power

Front 34

Sensory Adaptation

Back 34

our sensitivity to unchanging and repetitious stimuli disappears over time

Front 35

wavelength

Back 35

the distance in one cycle of a wave

Front 36

amplitude

Back 36

the amount of energy in a wave

Front 37

frequency

Back 37

the number of times a wave cycles in 1 second

Front 38

transduction

Back 38

the conversion of physical energy into neural signals that the brain can understand

Front 39

accommodation

Back 39

the focusion of light waves from objects of different distance directly on the retina

Front 40

nearsightedness

Back 40

trouble seeing far away

Front 41

farsightedness

Back 41

trouble seeing close

Front 42

retina

Back 42

the light sensitive layer of the eye which is composed of three layers of cells (ganglion, bipolar and receptor)

Front 43

rods

Back 43

responsible for dim light and peripheral vision

Front 44

cones

Back 44

responsible for bright light and color vision

Front 45

fovea

Back 45

a tiny pit in the center of the retina filled with cones

Front 46

dark adaptation

Back 46

the process by which rods and cones become more and more sensitive to light in dim lit conditions

Front 47

trichromatic theory

Back 47

a theory of color vision which assumes that there are 3 types of cones, corresponding roughly to blue green red

Front 48

additive mixtures

Back 48

direct mixtures of different wavelengths of light which all of the wavelengths reach the retina and are added together

Front 49

subtractive mixtures

Back 49

mixtures of wavelengths of light which some are absorbed and do not get reflected from the mixtures to the retina

Front 50

complementary colors

Back 50

wavelengths of light that when added together produce white

Front 51

hair cells

Back 51

receptor cells for hearing

Front 52

nerve deafness

Back 52

hearing loss by losing hair cells

Front 53

conductive deafness

Back 53

created by damage to one of the structures of the ear

Front 54

volley principle

Back 54

cells taking turns firing will increase the maximum firing rate for a group of cells

Front 55

bottom-up processing

Back 55

the processing of incoming sensory information as it travels up from the sensory structures to the brain

Front 56

top-down processing

Back 56

the brain's use of knowledge beliefs and expectations to interpret sensory information

Front 57

perceptual set

Back 57

interpretation of ambiguous sensory information in terms of our past experiences

Front 58

contextual effect

Back 58

the use of the present context of sensory information to determine its meaning

Front 59

figure and ground principle

Back 59

principle that the brain organizes sensory information into a figure or figures and ground

Front 60

classical conditioning

Back 60

acquiring a new response to a previously neutral stimulus that reliably signals the arrival of an unconditioned stimulus.