Ps331 Basic Counseling Exam I Oral Review

Front 1

the characteristics of counseling

Back 1

PROFESSION
deals w/ personal, social, work, empowerment, and edu. CONCERNS
HOLISTIC APPROACH
specified for functionally “NORMAL” POPULATIONS
THEORY-based
occurs in a STRUCTURED SETTING
PROCESS in which CLIENTS LEARN how to MAKE DECISIONS & formulate NEW ways: BEHAVING, FEELING, & THINKING

Hint 1

1. Prof.
2. deals w/ con
3. holistic ap.
4. specified 4 funk. norm. pop.
5. theory-bsd
6. structured set
7. process clients learn
a. howto mk dec.
b. form. new ways of (unholy trinity)

Front 2

Types of people that use counseling

Back 2

[those who seek assistance with anything that falls within the counseling characteristics?]

Hint 2

?

Front 3

the importance of self-awareness

Back 3

Overarching Theme of Integration to develop a personal counseling style; Emphasis on exploration of personal values, attitudes, and beliefs to work to increase awareness

Front 4

How accepted is the notion of theoretical integration?

Back 4

95.8% claimed to be integrative in a survey conducted by the Psychotherapy Networker (2007)

Hint 4

95.8%

Front 5

some examples of the different orientations

Back 5

Psychoanalytic
Adlerian
Existential
Person-centered
Gestalt
Behavior
CBT
REBT
Reality
Feminist
Postmodern approaches
Family systems

Hint 5

11?

Front 6

Contemp. Counseling Models

Back 6

Psychodynamic Approaches
Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies
Cognitive Behavioral Approaches
Systems and Postmodern Approaches

Front 7

Psychodynamic Approaches

Back 7

Psychoanalytic
Adlerian

Hint 7

same 1st letters:
Psych. App.
Psych. Adler.

Front 8

Experiential & Relationship-Oriented T

Back 8

Existential (therapy...)
Person-centered
Gestalt

Front 9

Cognitive Behavioral appRoaches

Back 9

Reality (therapy...)
Behavior
COGNITIVE behavior
RATIONAL EMOTIVE behavior

Hint 9

Reality (T) is only 1 w/out "behavior"
just Be...T.
EMO\RAT B.T.
Cog. B. T. (CBT/computer based training, IDK)

Front 10

Systems & Postmodern appRoaches

Back 10

Feminist (therapy...)
Postmodern (approaches)
Family systems (T)

Hint 10

1. Roaches after nuclear war. Post-modern Roaches.
2. Two Therapies: FFS: Fem. & Fam. Sys.

Front 11

what is meant by a Counseling Strategy?

Back 11

SHARED basic ASSUMPTION about PERSONALITY/THERAPY
FOCUS on SPECIFIC ASPECTS of personality/therapy

Hint 11

PERSONALITY/THERAPY
1) shared assumpt.
2) Spec. Asp. Focs.

Front 12

what is the Scientific Method?

Back 12

PHENOMENON EXPLANATION with
THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS: invented terms & building blocks of the theory (e.g. damn-rubbish-material)
RELATIONAL PROPOSITIONS: relationship between constructs.

Hint 12

Expl. Phen. w/ Theo. Cons. & Rela. Props.

Front 13

What is the difference between nomothetic versus idiosyncratic

Back 13

theoretical level- nomothetic
personal level- idiosyncratic

Hint 13

Macro and micro levels as they apply to counseling

Front 14

What characteristics of Stan's life would be of interest to a counselor?

Back 14

1. mentions SUICIDE.
2. felt UNWANTED and UNLOVED by PARENTS.
3. Alcoholism & DUI
4. SELF-DESTRUCTIVE behavior
5. Untrusting, cannot easily form new relationships.
6. Sexual Anxiety & dear of women.
7. Repeats FEAR & ANXIETY
8. Positive: Determined, wants to change, wants to improve, etc.

Hint 14

from the 1st video, and also in book p.16

Front 15

What is the distinction and importance of Counseling techniques versus Therapist personality and characteristics?

Back 15

Research suggests that clients place more value on the personality of the therapist, rather than techniques used.

Front 16

What is counter-transference?

Back 16

"any of our projections that influence the way we perceive and react to a client"

Hint 16

Projections Influence Perception/React to Client

Front 17

What is the distinction between goals and values in the [therapeutic] relationship?

Back 17

VALUE-consistent LIVING is ENDLESS.
Goals: defined END result.
Goals DETERMINED in context & consistence W/ VALUES.
GOAL making PROCESS: COLLABORATIVE effort between counselor & client.

Front 18

What is the importance of values

Back 18

Provide Worldview Framework beyond judgement, used in congruence w/in counseling finding answers

Hint 18

World Frame Judge, Congo Counsel Answers

Front 19

What are the contextual factors of counseling?

Back 19

primary determinants of therapeutic outcome
alliance
relationship
therapist’s personal & interpersonal skills
client agency
extra-therapeutic factors

Front 20

What are some values and positions [of counseling]?

Back 20

emphasis on individualism
separate existence of self
individuation as maturity foundation
decision making & responsibility rest w/ individual

Front 21

What is multicultural counseling?

Back 21

ETHICAL OBLIGATION for counselors to DEVELOP SENSITIVITY to CULTURAL DIFFERENCES if they hope to make INTERVENTIONS are
CONSISTENT with CLIENT’S VALUES.
therapist’s role is ASSIST CLIENTS making DECISIONS CONGRUENT w/ their WORLDVIEW

Front 22

What is required for effective multicultural counseling?

Back 22

Recognize: our biases & prejudices; our values don’t apply to others
Competency in: Beliefs and Attitudes:
Recognition of one’s own beliefs and attitudes
Continuous striving to understand client’s worldview
Knowledge of personal racial & cultural heritage & its effect;
Of historical background, traditions, & values of client
Skills: Acquired specific to working w/ diverse clientele; Openness and willingness

Hint 22

Recognize bias prejudices, values don’t apply others, Recognition own beliefs & attitudes, strive understand client’s worldview, know personal racial & cultural heritage & effects, Know client’s historical background, traditions & values; acquired specific skills work w/ diverse clientele; open & willing

Front 23

What are some common issues that beginning counselors have to deal with?

Back 23

Dealing w/ ANXIETY
Being yourself & self-DISCLOSURE
Honesty re: LIMITATIONS
Understanding SILENCE
Becoming aware of Your COUNTERTRANSFERENCE
Sharing RESPONSIBILITY
Declining ADVICE giving
Developing Your Own Counseling STYLE
Maintaining VITALITY as person & professional.

Hint 23

ADVICE, Declining
AMBIGUITY, Tol.
ANXIETIES, Dealing
COMMITMENT, Lack
COUNTERTRANSFERENCE, Aware
DEMANDS, Dealing
DISCLOSURE, Self-
HUMOR, Dev.
LIMITATIONS, Honest
PERFECTIONISM, Avoiding
RESPONSIBILITY, sharing
ROLE, defining
SILENCE
STYLE, Yours
TECHNIQUES, Appropriate
VITALITY, Maintaining

Front 24

Know the distinctions between the different types of ethics

Back 24

Mandatory: minimum professional level; liability avoidance
Aspirational/Positive: Best practices; provides best-possible standard of care

Hint 24

Mandatory minimum vs. best practice

Front 25

Mandatory ethics attributes

Back 25

minimum level of professional practice; viewed as means to avoid liability

Front 26

Ethical codes: Why & What

Back 26

Educate practitioners and the general public on the responsibilities of the profession.
Provide a basis for accountability.
Protect the client from unethical practices.
Provide guidelines for self-monitoring and improvement of professional practice.
Increasingly taking on legalistic dimensions.
Deviations from the norm must be documented and explained.
Can a practitioner provide best practices while focusing on liability?

Front 27

Describe the Decision-Making Process [slide]

Back 27

Identify problem or dilemma.
Identify potential issues.
Look at relevant ethics code.
Consider applicable laws and regulations.
Consult - Brainstorm - Enumerate Consequences
Decide best course of action

Front 28

What is Informed Consent and why is it important?

Back 28

process of informing clients about their therapy so they can make autonomous decisions regarding it.
Can be provided orally, in writing, or both.
A contract
Includes:
General goals
Responsibilities
Confidentiality
Legal and ethical parameters
Qualifications and background
Fees
Services
Potential benefits and risks

Front 29

What is Confidentiality and why is it important?

Back 29

Ethical & Legal CONCEPT
PRIVILEGED Communication
PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT factor

Front 30

What is the Tarasoff Case?

Back 30

“…LANDMARK case which ESTABLISHED when a mental healthcare provider has a DUTY to NOTIFY a PERSON IN DANGER.”

Front 31

When does a counselor have a legal duty to break confidentiality? Name the associated legal case.

Back 31

Suspected abuse of children, elderly, or dependent adults;
Danger to self or others;
Tarasoff Case
(U. Cal. Bd. of Regions)

Front 32

When is the best time (or time period) to establish the limits of confidentiality with the client?

Back 32

At the beginning?

Front 33

What are some differences between traditional counseling values and Multi-Cultural Counseling values?

Back 33

Traditional Counseling Values
Individualism
Separate existence of self
Individuation as the basis for personal development
Individual decision making and responsibility
Many of these values are in direct conflict with the values held by other cultures—collectivism.

Front 34

Are there potential conflicts between traditional counseling values and Multi-Cultural Counseling values?

Back 34

Yes, e.g. individualism vs. collectivism

Hint 34

Many of these values are in direct conflict with the values held by other cultures—collectivism.

Front 35

What is a diagnosis?

Back 35

identifying a specific categorized mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms.

Front 36

What is the scope of importance of a diagnosis?

Back 36

Diagnosis is considered essential by some but detrimental by others…
Potential Dangers of Diagnosis:
Stigma
Over-identification by the client
Disregard of ethnic and cultural factors
Strictly for third-party reimbursement

Front 37

What is assessment?

Back 37

evaluating relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process

Front 38

Describe boundaries and dual relationships.

Back 38

Dual/Multiple Relationships: either sexual or nonsexual, and involve counselors assuming two (or more) roles simultaneously or sequentially with a client.
Boundary: A frame or membrane around the therapeutic dyad that defines a set of roles for the participants in the therapeutic relationship; limitations on behavior and interaction between counselor and client.

Front 39

What is an evidence-based practice?

Back 39

“the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences”

Front 40

Define Psychotherapy Integration.

Back 40

look beyond and across the confines of single-school approaches to see what can be learned from other perspectives and how clients can benefit from a variety of ways of conducting therapy.

Front 41

List the four different types of theoretical integration.

Back 41

TECHNICAL THEORETICAL ASSIMILATIVE COMMON

Front 42

What is the Therapeutic Alliance and Why is it important?

Back 42

most WIDELY STUDIED common factor
empirically VALIDATED: one of most IMPORTANT FACTORS in therapeutic change
regardless of orientation

Front 43

Describe the advantages and potential disadvantages (or problems) of Theoretical Integration.

Back 43

no single theory is comprehensive enough to account for human behavior complexities
especially when range of client types & specific problems taken into consideration.
No one theory contains all the truth
No single set of counseling techniques is always effective working w/ diverse populations
integrative approaches hold promise for counseling practice.
effective clinical practice requires flexible & integrative perspective.
tailor Psychotherapy flexibly to unique needs & contexts of individual client.
using identical style & treatment method for all clients inappropriate & possibly unethical.

Front 44

What is Brief Therapy?

Back 44

Solution-focused, 6-20 sessions
BRIEF, COMPREHENSIVE, effective & FLEXIBLE
Increasingly DOMINATING landscape.
Requires INTEGRATIVE perspective
has FUELED integrative MOVEMENT
Core tasks: learn to RAPIDLY & systematically ID PROBLEMS
create COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP
intervene w/ RANGE of METHODS

Front 45

What is Empathy?

Back 45

DEEP & SUBJECTIVE UNDERSTANDING of/with client.
NOT SYMPATHY
NOT feeling SORRY
able to SHARE CLIENT’S subjective WORLD by drawing from their experiences possibly similar

Front 46

What are active listening skills?

Back 46

Use of minimal encouragers
Open-Ended Questions
REFLECTing & MIRRORing
EMOtion Labeling
PARAphrasing
“I” messages
Silence
Summarization
CALM demeanor
SLOW voice

Front 47

What is the ultimate goal of theoretical integration?

Back 47

reconstruct personality, achieve awareness, challenge premises, offer encouragement
develop goals & belonging, free; responsible 4 events; self-exploration climate; toward openness, trust self;
increase spontaneity, find meaning; eliminate maladaptive behaviors; ID behavior influences;
set treatment goals & evaluate; confront faulty beliefs & minimize
change automatic thoughts, become effective, meet all psych needs;
reconnect w/ people, transformation; free from gender/socialization limitations,
confront discriminative or oppressive policies; change problems view & responses;
SMART goals; increase positive change; create grounded competent & resourceful self-identity;
help family members gain patterns awareness & create new interacting ways

Front 48

What are some of the characteristics of effective counselors from your first homework?

Back 48

have an IDENTITY
respect & APPRECIATE self
OPEN to change
make life-oriented CHOICES
authentic, SINCERE, & honest
sense of HUMOR
make mistakes & ADMIT them
live in PRESENT
appreciate CULTURAL influence
sincere interest in others’ WELFARE
possess effective INTERPERSONAL skills
deeply involved in their work & derive MEANING from it
PASSIONATE
able to maintain healthy BOUNDARIES

Front 49

TECHNICAL integration

Back 49

aims at selecting BEST treatment techniques 4 individual & problem. It tends to focus on differences, chooses FROM MANY approaches, & is COLLECTION of TECHNIQUES.

Front 50

THEORETICAL integration

Back 50

CONCEPTUAL or THEORETICAL creation BEYOND mere BLENDING of techniques.
goal of producing conceptual FRAMEWORK SYNTHESIZES BEST aspects of two or more theoretical approaches under ASSUMPTION: OUTCOME RICHER than EITHER theory ALONE.
(contrasts technical)

Front 51

ASSIMILATIVE integration

Back 51

GROUNDED in particular SCHOOL of psychotherapy
w/ OPENNESS to selectively INCORPORATE practices from OTHER approaches.
COMBINES ADVANTAGES of single coherent theoretical system w/ FLEXIBILITY of VARIETY of interventions from multiple systems, e.g. MBCT

Front 52

COMMON factors approach

Back 52

searches 4 common ELEMENTS ACROSS DIFFERENT theoretical SYSTEMS.
Some include EMPATHIC listening, developing working alliance, opportunity 4 catharsis, practicing new behaviors, POSITIVE EXPECTATIONS of clients, WORKING THROUGH one’s own CONFLICTS, UNDERSTANDING interpersonal & intrapersonal DYNAMICS, & learning 2 be self-reflective about one’s work.
Other factors shown 2 be curative include SUPPORT, WARMTH, feedback, REASSURANCE, & credibility