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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy?
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-Focuses on actions a client can take to change their reality
-Recognizes that each person has a different "reality" -Goal is to seek action-oriented changes in as few sessions as possible through optimism & empowerment - 8,10,12 weeks |
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What is Behavior Therapy?
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A Behavioral Approach
-Asserts that all behavior (adaptive/maladaptive) is learned. -Counselor's teach or help clients discover behaviors to correct the faulty learning that leads to disorders -Goal is measurable behavior change. Insight is not necessary |
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BEHAVORIAL THERAPY'S MAIN GOAL?
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To develop a FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
A. Antecedent B. Behavior C. Consequenc |
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BEHAVIOR APPROACH
REALITY THERAPY |
Genetically based theory. People have 5 genetically encoded needs that guide and motivate behavior
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5 ENCODED NEEDS?
Reality Therapy |
1. All Strive to Survive
2. All Want Love & Belonging 3. Power and Achievement 4. Fun 5. Freedom / Independence |
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GOAL OF REALITY THERAPY?
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Help client become responsible for choices that affect his/her life
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HUMANISTIC - ALDERIAN
Founded on Two Concepts |
LIFE GOAL - Primary focus of one's actions; addresses come personality issues & concerns
ex. I must devote my life to helping others SOCIAL INTEREST- A person's knowledge of his or her impact on the world |
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GOAL OF HUMANISTIC
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TO CORRECT a client's mistaken goals and faulty assumptions regarding social relations
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HUMANISTIC APPROACH
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Human beings are basically good
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PERSON CENTERED THERAPY
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Relationship oriented vs. techniques
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CARL ROGERS
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relationship between client and counselor is the primary focus
every person has "CONDITIONS OF WORTH" Unconditional positive regard most important |
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3 CORE CONDITIONS
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-Accurate empathetic understanding
-Unconditional positive regard -Genuineness/congruence (non-verbals) |
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GOAL OF PERSON CENTERED THERAPY
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Help clients become all they are capable of becoming
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What are some examples of ACCREDITING
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EXCET EXAMS
NCC |
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ACCREDITATION
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To give official authorization to or approval of.
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COMPONENTS OF A COUNSELING THEORY
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1. Precondition for Treatment
2. Counselor Characteristic 3. Relationship Between Counselor & Client 4. Diagnosis of Client Problems (Therapist understanding of symptoms, Clients reported presenting problems) 5. Counseling Goals 6. Techniques 7. The Process 8. How to Evaluate Outcome |
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What is PCIT
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Parent/child interaction therapy
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What is a Counseling Theory?
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Explanation to Account for why things happen the way they do.
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Counseling Theory
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-An expert practitioner/researcher begins to speculate on how behavior changes
-These ideas or concepts are linked together for hypothesis about behavior change |
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Hypothesis
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Prediction or assumption
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Theory
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Hypothesis linked together form a Theory
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THEORY
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A set of ideas used to explain what happens when a counselor & client work together
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HYPOTHESIS
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Comprehensive, predict effectively, parsimonious, simple, testable
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Counseling vs. Psychotherapy
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COUNSELING: Usually signifies a more brief treatment for less severely disturbed clients who seek assistance
Usually conducted in educations & community settings PSYCHOTHERAPY: Usually signifies a more long-term treatment for more chronic & several problems |
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CMI?
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Chronically Mentally Impaired
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TYPES OF PROFESSIONALS / PRACTITIONERS
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Psychiatrist (M.D. or D.O)
Psychologist (Ph. D., Ed.D., Psy.D) Counselor (LPC) Social Worker (MSW) |
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Why do clients seek help from counselors?
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Remediation with Daily Functioning
-The worried well -Wanting to live life "more fully" THOSE UNABLE TO FUNCTION INDEPENDENTLY IN SOCIETY -May become dangerous to self or others -Unable to care for self due to mental illness |
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REBT - COGNITIVE THERAPY
COGNITIVE APPROACH |
-Changing one's thoughts will also change one's feelins and behaviors
-In counseling, one must replace self-defeating (irrational thought with adaptive one - Ellis) -Pessimistic / catastrophic thinking often leads to depression -Goal is to develop rational & functional thought processes |
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What is a credential?
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Warranting credit or confidence
credentials serve as indicators of those who are legitimate. practitioners within specific fields (particularly health) |
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Credentials Serve As a Means by Which...
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1. Professional groups Can Communicate Who Meet Specialty Standards
2. Professions can restrict entry into certain job markets by unqualified individuals 3. State legislators can control the entry into, titles used, to practice of, various professional groups |
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BRIEF HISTORY OF CREDENTIALING
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1973: Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) met for the first time
1974: ACA (then APGA) called for licensure legislative efforts in all 50 states 1976: Virginia passed first licensure law 1977: Association for Council Education & Supervision Guidelines for Doctoral Pre. Coun. Ed. 1981: CACREP: Council for the Accreditation of Counseling 1985: Counseling Licensure Law 1998: NBCC & ACES develop a certificate for supervisors, ACS (approcved clinical supervisor) |
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LICENSURE AT STATE LEVEL
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A License is a credential authorized y a State Legislature that Regulates:
1. Titles of Specific Professionals 2. Practices of Specific Professionals 3. Both title & practice in a profession |
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DIFFERING TERMS IN CREDENTIALING
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-State Level Licensure: An effort of state government to regulate professions for good of public
-State level certificate -State level registry ex. california registry of professional counselors |
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NATIONAL LEVEL CREDENTIALING
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NBCC
-promote accountability and visability -identify to public those counselors who have met specific professional standars -advancecooeration among groups involed in professional counseling |
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PURPOSE OF NBCC
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Encourage the continuing professional growth and development of National Certified Counselors
*Ensure national standards develope by counselors currently 42,262 NCC counselors |
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COUNSELOR REQUIREMENTS
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45 - 60 academic hours
2 terms supervised field experience 2 years post-masters counseling experience with 3000 hrs worked - 100 supervised Passing score on NCC |
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ACA - AMERICAN COUNSELING ASSOCIATION
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ACA created NBCC (National Board of Certified Counselors)
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NCC MHC
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created Nationally Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor (requires NCC - National Counselor Exam)
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GESTALT THERAPY
HUMASTIC APPROACH |
-Focuses on the here and now experience of the counseling experience
-Relationship building is of high priority -Clients are encouraged to experience emotions rather than just talk about them -Goal is to increase self-awareness and accept responsibility for one's choices |
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What Kind of Approach is Gestalt Therapy?
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HUMANISTIC
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ECLECTIC APPROACH
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Eclecticism carried greater responsibility than any of the other approaches in the this class.
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PROS OF ECLECTICISM
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- Can choose from a large variety of explanations & techniques
-Allows for openness & flexibility |
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CONS of ECLECTICISM
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-Can become a hodgepodge or shogun approach
-Can be unethical with appropriate training in this approach |
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COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS
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1. All of nothing thinking
2. Overgeneralization 3. Mental Filter Disqualifying the Positive 4. Jumping to Conclusions 5. Magnification and Minimization 6. Emotional Reasoning 7. Making Should Statements 8. Labeling 9. Personalization |
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ALL or NOTHING THINKING
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Thinking of things in absolute terms, like "always", "every", or "never". Few aspects of human behavior are so absolute
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OVERGENERALIZATION
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Taking isolated cases and using them to make wide generalizations
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MENTAL FILTER
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Focusing exclusively on certain, usually negative or upsetting aspects of something while ignoring the rest, like tiny imperfection in a piece of clothing
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DISQUALIFYING THE POSITIVE
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Continually "shooting down" positive experiences for arbitrary, ad hoc reasons
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JUMPING TO CONCLUSIONS
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Assuming something negative where there is no evidence to support it. Two specific subtypes are also identified.
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MIND READING
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Assuming the intentions of others
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FORTUNE TELLING
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Predicting how things will turn before they happen
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MAGNIFICATION AND MINIMIZING
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Inappropriately understating or exaggerating the way people or situations truly are. Often the positive characteristics of other people are exaggerated and negative characterized are understated. There is one subtype of magnification.
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CATASTROPHIZING
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Focusing on the worst possible outcome, however unlikely, or thinking that a situation is unbearable or impossible when it is really just uncomfortable
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EMOTIONAL REASONING
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Making decisions and arguments based on how you feel rather than objective reality
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MAKING SHOULD STATEMENTS
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Concentrating on what you think "should" or ought to be rather than the actual situation you are faced with, or having rigid rules which you think should always apply no matter what the circumstances are.
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LABELING
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Related to overgeneralization, explaining by naming. Rather than describing the specific behavior, you assign a label to someone or yourself that puts them in absolute and unalterable terms
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PERSONALIZATION
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Assuming you or others directly caused things when they may not have been the case. When applied to others, this is an example of blame.
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DISPUTE HANDLES
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fill in the blank statements that help polarize the cognitive distortions in one's thinking.
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DOWNWARD ARROW
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get a client to the core belief.
ex. fail course, then what? can't get degree, then what? no good job, then what? I'M A FAILURE |
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DOWNWARD ARROW
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get a client to the core belief.
ex. fail course, then what? can't get degree, then what? no good job, then what? I'M A FAILURE |
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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
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Problem Behavior
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Counseling Theories are....
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Specialized theories of behavior change
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SFBT
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Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
by Steven De Shazer, Milwaukee Brief Family Therapy Center |
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SFBT
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is not a technique oriented therapy as much as it is a philosophy
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Transactional Analysis
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Eric Berne
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CBT
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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CBT developed by
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BECK
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Carl Rogers
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Person Centered Therapy
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Eli Ginzburg
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First person to present a theory as to why people choose occupations ove rthe life span - published theory in 1951.
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Donald Super
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1953 Developed what became one of the dominant career development theories of the twentieth century.
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Frank Parsons
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Had his own theory called Mutualism: Held that commond good of scoiety was based to a large extent on cooperative efforts to ensure benefits for all. Advocated urban renewal, educational reform, women's suffrage, uniform divorce laws and other social changes.
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Frank Parsons
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wrote Choosing a Vocation, 1909 - published posthumously.
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Alfred Binet & Theodore SImon
-standardized testing spawned what book? |
1939 Dictionary of Occupational Titles
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Albert Ellis
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REBT - Rational Emotive Therapy
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Reality Therapy
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Glasser
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Behavior Counseling
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Wolpe
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Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Programs
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CACREP
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Purpose of all of the councils and commissions established by these organizations is to
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recognize counselors who have met certain criteria, including certain training requirements.
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A secondary purpose of certification
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to encourage maintenance of skills and knowledge by requiring continuing education for maintenance of the certification
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Counselor's Work with a Clients....
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attitudes, beliefs, emotions, values, and behavior
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A developmental theory can become
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the analogue of the change process we see a client undergo while under the care of a helper
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Traits of Effective Helpers
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Self-awareness
Sensitivity to cultural differences Ability to analyze one's own feelings Ability to serve as a model Altruism Strong sense of ethics Ability to assume responsibility for self and the person being helped. Ability to assume the role of facilitator of personal growth |
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Blind Spots
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also known as
PERSONALIZATION ISSUES |
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WHO YOU ARE
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INTERFERES WITH WHAT YOU DO
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IDENTIFYING PERSONALIZATION ISSUES
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Honest Introspection
Crisis (developmental or situational) Feedback from family and friends Counseling Supervision |
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A Congruent Counselor is
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Self-aware
Open to feedback Self-assured Effective Communicator |
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YAVIS
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Young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, successful
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Despite our best intentions, the counseling relationship always involves
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"manipulation" or social influence
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some counselors are more
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directive than others
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GOALS FOR THE
BEGINNING PHASE OF COUNSELING |
Form a good working relationship
Explore the reasons the client seeks counseling |
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THE BEGINNING PHASE REQUIRES
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a great deal of listening (basic attending skills) - restating, reflecting
limited questions - primarily open-ended |
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CLIENTS WILL OFTEN ___________
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test, challenge, deceive, and resist exploration (can we blame them?)
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MIDDLE and LATE PHASE
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counselor applies his/her theory of choice
often more active than phase one, still less active than client confront of client on "blind spots" occurs in middle and late phase client is assisted in recognizing and taking responsibility f or change independence and autonomy are encouraged |
