Ps Exam 3

Front 1

Public opinion

Back 1

Citizens' atitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events

Front 2

Aggregate v induvidual level opinion

Back 2

*Composed of a multitude or combination of individual level...*

Front 3

Preference vs beliefs

Back 3

*i guess preferences make your beliefs right? Idk...*

Front 4

Political socialization

Back 4

Lifelong process by which people form their ideas about politics and aquire their political values

Front 5

Egalitarianism

Back 5

The principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

Front 6

Individualism

Back 6

Favors freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control

Front 7

Polls

Back 7

Process of voting in an election

Front 8

Sample

Back 8

A small group selected by researchers to represent the most important characteristics of an entire population

Front 9

Population

Back 9

All inhabitants of a particular town, country, or area

Front 10

Probability sampling

Back 10

A method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent

Front 11

Sampling error

Back 11

A polling error that arises on account of the small size of the sample

Front 12

Selection bias

Back 12

A polling error in which the dapple is not representative of the population being studied, so that some opinions are over or under represented

Front 13

Measurement error

Back 13

the failure to identify the true distribution of opinion within a population because of errors such as ambiguous or poorly worded questions

Front 14

Agenda setting effect

Back 14

The power to bring attention to particular issues and problems

Front 15

Priming

Back 15

A process of preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor

Front 16

Framing

Back 16

The power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted

Front 17

Liberal

Back 17

generally supports political and social reform; government intervention in the economy; the expansion of federal social services; more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities and women; and greater concern for consumers and the environment

Front 18

Conservative

Back 18

Refers to those who generally support the social and economic status quo and are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulas and economic arrangements. Many also believe that a large and powerful government possess a threat to citizens' freedoms

Front 19

Party identification

Back 19

An individual's attachment to a particular political party, which might be based on issues, ideology, past experiences, or upbringing

Front 20

Gender gap

Back 20

A distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between men and women

Front 21

Australian ballot

Back 21

An electoral format that presents all the names of all the candidates for any given office on the same ballot.

Front 22

Plurality rule

Back 22

A type of electoral system in which victory goes to the individual who gets the most votes in an election, but not necessarily a majority of the votes cast

Front 23

Majority rule

Back 23

A type of electoral system in which to win a seat in a representative body, a candidate must recieve a majority (50 percent plus 1) of all the votes cast in the relevant district

Front 24

Single member district

Back 24

Am electorate that is allowed to elect only one representative from each district (typical method in US)

Front 25

Proportional representation

Back 25

A multiple member district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the vote

Front 26

First past the post elections

Back 26

Same as single member district elections

Front 27

Electoral college

Back 27

The presidential electors from each stage who meet in their respective state capitals after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vp

Front 28

Median voter theorem

Back 28

A proposition predicting that when policy options can be arrayed along a single dimension, majority rule will pick the policy most preferred by the voter whose ideal policy is to the left of half the voters and to the right of exactly half of the voters

Front 29

Duverger's law

Back 29

States that plurality rule electoral systems will tend to have two political parties

Front 30

Retrospective voting

Back 30

Voting based on the past performance of a candidate

Front 31

Issue voting

Back 31

An individual's propensity to select candidates or parties based on the extent to which the individual agrees with one candidate more than others on specific issues

Front 32

Incumbency

Back 32

Holding the political office for which in is running

Front 33

Political party

Back 33

An organized group that attempts to influence government by electing is members to office

Front 34

Political parties and collective action

Back 34

*parties solve solve collective action by making it easier to work together than on your own

Front 35

Party system changes in the south

Back 35

*southern strategy, give republicans votes it needed to to end democratic dominance of the political process???**

Front 36

Party machines

Back 36

The local party organization that controlled local politics through patronage amd the nomination process

Front 37

Nomination

Back 37

The process by which political parties select their candidates for election to public office

Front 38

Open primary

Back 38

A primary election in which voters can choose on the primary election day itself which party's primary to vote in

Front 39

Closed primary

Back 39

A primary election in which only those voters who registered with the party a specified period before the primary election day can participate

Front 40

Third party

Back 40

A party that organizes to compete against the two major American political parties

Front 41

Public media

Back 41

*well everything from newspapers to the Internet even fb*

Front 42

Cognitive dissonance

Back 42

*if it goes against something you already believe you will automatically reject it*

Front 43

Confirmation bias

Back 43

*something that agrees or supports an already held opinion will automatically be accepted*

Front 44

Prior restraint

Back 44

Am effort by government ament to block publication of material it deems libelous or harmful in some other way; censorship

Front 45

Federal communications commission

Back 45

Created to regulate interstate communications by radio, tv, satellite, etc, and make available to all

Front 46

Interest group

Back 46

An organized group of individuals or organizations that makes policy related appeals to the government

Front 47

Political action committee

Back 47

A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns

Front 48

Pluralism

Back 48

Theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government. The outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

Front 49

Elitism

Back 49

Advocacy or existence of an elite as a dominating element in a system or society

Front 50

The logic of collective action

Back 50

*creation of private goods and groups? ??*

Front 51

Selective benefits

Back 51

Benefits that do not go to everyone but rather are distributed selectively. Only to those who contribute to the group enterprise

Front 52

Lobbying

Back 52

Am attempt by a group to influence the policy process through persuasion of government officials

Front 53

Going public

Back 53

The act of launching a media campaign to build popular support