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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A(n) __________ variable is thought to be caused, to depend upon, or to be a function of a(n) _________ variable.
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dependent variable is thought to be caused....on a(n) independent variable.
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A(n) _______________ specifies the phenomena of interest; indicates which variables are independent, alternative, antecedent, intervening, and dependent; and shows which variables are thought to affect which other ones.
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arrow diagram
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A ____________ is a guess (but of an educated nature) that represents the proposed explanation for some phenomenon and that indicates how an independent variable is thought to affect, influence, or alter a dependent variable.
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hypothesis
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A _______________ relationship is one where the values of one variable increases as the values of another variable decreases.
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negative
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A ______________ relationship is one where the values of one variable increases (or decreases) as the values of another variable increases (or decreases).
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positive
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Which level of measurement below best describes a variable for which the assigned values represent only different categories or classifications for that variable?
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nominal
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A(n) ___________ measurement assumes that a comparison can be made on which observations have more or less of a particular attribute
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ordinal
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A(n) ____________ variable has only two categories.
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dichotomous
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A variable that measures education on a scale that includes (0) none, (1) less than college, (2) college, (3) more than college, is an example of the _________ level of measurement.
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ordinal
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A variable that measures education in number of years is an example of the _________ level of measurement.
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ratio
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A ___________ is the incorrect or mistaken rejection of a true null hypothesis.
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Type I Error
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A ___________ is failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
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Type II Error
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A hypotheses stating that there is no relationship is usually called a ________ hypothesis.
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null
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To claim that a result of a hypothesis test is statistically significant is to assert that a (null) hypothesis has been rejected with a specified probability of making a ______ error.
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Type I
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. If the observed statistic’s absolute value is greater than or equal to the critical value you should _________ the null hypothesis.
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reject
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A measure of _________ describes in a single number or coefficient the kind and strength of relationship between the values of two variables
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association
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Bounded measures of association like Pearson’s r vary between ____ and _____.
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-1.00 and +1.00
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A ____________ shows the joint or bivariate relationship between two categorized (nominal and/or ordinal) variables.
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crosstab
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Kendall’s tau b, Kendall’s tau c, Somer’s d, and Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma are all measures of ________________.
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association
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between two variables when high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other in which plotted X-Y points fall on a straight line.
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Monotonic relationship
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When the categories of the independent are arrayed across the top of the table—that is, they are the column labels—it is essential that the percentages add to ____ down the columns (these are known as column percentages).
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?
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The linear regression equation is ________________.
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Y1=B0+B1+X1+...+E1.1
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In the regression equation, , the “βo” is defined as the ______________.
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y intercept
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24. In the regression equation the “β1” is defined as the ______________.
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slope
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25. The regression coefficient tells how much ____ changes if _____ changes by one unit.
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much y changes if x changes
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A _____________ relationship is one in which the association between two variables is caused by a third.
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spurious
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R squared is measured on scale from ___ to ____.
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0 to 1
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