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39 Cards in this Set
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Why didn't public administration develop until after 100 yrs after the constitution? Why was it developed ? |
it was not an issue the focus was the constitution. Prior to american public administration there was 1. geographic isolation 2. agrarian self-sufficiency 3. absence of national security threat 4. limited demand for public service. They rejected efficiency and applying policy. They focused on anti stat ism and anti efficiency. (democracy in efficient) It developed in result of the rise of technology in the 19th century (car,phone, light bulb) and involvement with Spanish american war and public participation in the government. |
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Woodrow Wilson and democracy |
Democracy is inefficient. When thinking of a good administration, not think of democracy but developing machinery that is efficient. Making administration consistent by looking at other non democratic government and taking the science of administration with out its political implications. Do administration by studying its science (Prussia). Taking foreign countirs administratio nand filtering it through our democracy and our constitution. We can do this by separating the politics from administration. |
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Why is Woodrow Wilson dichotomy not workable in us? |
Our political system does not work with dichotomy, it can work in Wilson's parliament which has no separation between branches. Their is only a separation of function. Majority is parliament is significant. Party loyalty is secure and no need to compromise with the minority parties. Ability to pass specific laws so administrators can follow with out discretion. Wilson assumed that President and Congress will be the same party, however that is not the case in democracy. In the us the snate minority has leverage so majority and minority have to compromise which means vague and contradictory laws the administror have to deal with and ceate discretion for the administor. If there is party loyalty in congress and president laws are more specific which is easier for the administrator however senate is still difficult. According to Wilson, the civil servant should be protected by politics, but they are not. Parliament majority has power over administrator. Democracy minority can have power of the administrator. Decentralized political structure keeps administrator open to political influence. Overhead democracy makes this difficult. |
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Overhead democracy |
politicians (president, senate and house) create policy with holes and give it to the bureaucrats. They are then lobbied and pushed for political bias. Administrator is defenseless against lobbyist who is applying pressure (Unlike parliament) Politicians can manipulate the bureaucrats to go in their favor with money and minorities can even manipulate the administrators. |
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Generic management |
management is science that is neutral- one way to do things (POSDCORB) Management cant be done generically that does not have politics. Moe goes on after the election. |
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Wilson- public opinion |
Wilson knows that the public is ignorant and not well informed. Popular rule of public opinion has made organizing rule difficult. In a monarchy their is one rule by the king and one opinion. In democracy their is multiple opinions which can solve through 1. compromise 2. compounding of differences 3. trimming of plans. When public comes to play reform must be slow with compromise. Follow what Russia did which educate citizens, persuade them to get this administration we must convince the people. Public opinion should be the authoritative critic is the part the public should take in the conduct of administration. Problem with this is to make public opinion efficient without suffering it to be meddlesome. (it can be a nuisance). |
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Wilson administration and the constitution |
he felt people are obsessed with the constitution. We got to stop arguing about the constitution and start running it by governing and implementing it. The us government has neglected art of perfecting executive power and focused on controlling. The difference between administration and the constitution is: pa is the detailed systematic execution of public law. Every implementation of law is administration. General law that direct these laws are SEPARATE. Therefore, the constitution control these general laws. The correlation to administration because administration study connects with the study of proper distribution of constitutional authority do it can be efficient. The distribution of authority is a central in constitution and doing it efficient will help the constitutional study. |
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Wilson- Administration as the field of business. |
the field of administration is the field of business. Stable principle. Removed from the rife of politics. It is clearing the moral atmosphere of fiscal life by establishing the sanctity of public office as a public trust, and by making it nonpartisan, it is opening the way for making it businesslike. Teach rules of administrative science- deductive way of thinking about science. |
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Separation of powers |
it is not mentioned in the constitution so it is a separate things. Separation of ends and means. He thinks we need that "no danger in power if only it be irresponsible" he argues it is obscured and shaky when it is divided. When power is not separated it is visible and clear who has it. If administration misbehaves we can punish them to hold them accountable . Because of transparency it is accountable so there does not need to be spread of power. The best way of dividing authority without hampering it and responsibility without obscuring it. They must trust the authoritative figure. Giving one a lot of power prevents him from abusing it because he knows he will get caught. it is not obscured. |
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POSDCORB |
Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting. It was an attractive idea of administration that could be implemented efficiently. POSDCORB principles rooted in economy and efficiency as well as politics-adminsitration dichotomy. Dealing with depression and wartime issues. Key question was How to build administrative science? they did this by learning generalist management function os POSDCORB. It took Wilson's and Goodnow idea of dichotomy of politics and administration and applied it strictly. The undemocratic values of efficient and effectiveness and a generical management and steps of POSDCORB. They used principles and turned it to methods. Their was not a lot of vigorous questioning at this time. They just needed a stiff cure for the Great depression and world war II, this crisis leads to the best we can get. Its central values is efficiency and economy. the dichotomy of politics and administration has to be applied. POSDCORB based on stiff cure 1. separation between politics and administration 2. no nonsense taylorism 3. military fashion 4. raised to the highest level of government for reorganizing the presidency. The led to the creation of clearing house , American society of PA, PA review. |
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POSDCORB Private |
most people would assume the government copy private because it efficient and have no politics however in reality it is the opposite, Private enterprise learned how to do administration by american local governments like NYC. Private learned by public because the private was never a vibrant at that time. Learned its fundamentals through out public administration scholars. learned from the private and applied it to public administration. Government learned how to do business" Business administration is effective, serves individual needs, meritocratic. You can go to business administration school and learn how to do business administration. |
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Leonard White |
First textbook "introduction to the Study of Public Administration" which glued together the various functional specializations as well as disparate ideas of Taylorism, Goodnow's
dichotomy, and other administrative innovation.He layed out POSDCORB as a science that is learned and follow its principles and you can do good administration. Like training solider you can train administrator. . |
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How did Woodrow Wilson define public administration? |
It is the detailed systematic execution of public law. Administration is government in action born by politics. Its characteristics include executive, operative, and the visible side. The objective of administrative study is to discover first. What government can properly and successfully do and how it can do these proper things with the upmost efficiency and less use of money and energy. It’s how law should be administered with enlighten, with equity, speed, without friction. |
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What is the politics administration dichotomy? Is this dichotomy workable? |
It’s separating politics with administration to solve the difficulty reconcile notions on constitutional democracy with systematic rules. Politics is choices regarding what government do determined by elected representative. And Administration serves to carry out the dictates of the populace. Politics is creating policy and administration is the execution of it. Administration is separate from politics although politics sets the tasks for it. It must not be mixed because it would be ineffective. This dichotomy approach is used to justify the use of studying foreign countries administration that has been successful. We are taking the administration and not the politics.he political/administration dichotomy aimed to separate the power between political leaders and the merit-based appointment of professional permanent civil servants in the administrative state. This dichotomy is not possible because administration has to be done with politics its to connected to separate. It cannot be applied in real life. Wilson knew that it is not possible to achieve absolute separation of politics and administration as what he really wants was to keep public administration out of the ills of politics and institutionalize the practice of effective administration. As governments today serve several masters (the people), their functions became more complex which made Wilson underscore the need for great mastery in running the government. For this monumental task, the role of the study of administration is to produce competent administrators who will not just serve as passive instruments of power but vanguards of the public interest, and to promote a type of governance responsive to the needs of the public and reflective of the people’s will. |
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What sources did Wilson believe the US should draw on developing the new field of American public administration |
Founded in Europe (France and Germany) because 1. Government was independent of popular assent more governing to be done. 2. Desire to keep gov enemy monopoly and monopolist interested in discovering the lease irritating means of governing., Foreign countries like Europe. American public administration has not been mentioned or studied because it was not needed, but factors like technology advancement and civil rights increased the need for public service. Studying the administration that has been successful. For example, Prussia politics or monarchy. In monarchy one king one opinion and apply it to democracy. Americanize it. Learn his methods and apply it democracy. Serves king=serves public. |
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How has our radically antistatist political tradition impacted the development of American public |
1. Explains why this field arrived so late. If there was no need for it why study it? It arrived century after constitution by Wilson to advocate for it Growth for research and training in 30s and 40s a century after established on European continent. The late 19th century forced administration because 1. Massive migration2. Rapid technology 3. Urbanized industrial change 4. Economic booms and bust 4. Drive for international market abroad. All led to the need for administration. 2. United States Public Administration appeared after United States administration state became an established reality and running the constitution a necessity state. The intense antistate reversed the process in America so first the constitution next state and then the study emerged. 3. Public administration emerged bottom up. It had to be bubbled up quietly and from grassroots refers, imbued with Protestant “moral uplift” and democratic idealism. Evolved through local reform groups. Had to built by adding civil service dere and executive budget ther. Moving up federal levels and toward a unique way of administration though has to be down slowly for anti state. Missing a kind of state indeed vigorously opposed to it, any kind of top down rationalized administration would be out of the picture 4. Americans rooted in common law tradition as well as in the fundamental law of its constitution that largely negated public power had to look elsewhere for its administrative ideas. The differentiation between politics and admin became its early intellectual framer work unique identity. Without a clear sense of state, Americans had little choice but to advance a clear dichotomy that would free up "clean" administration from messy and corrupt "machine politics while pressing for respectable business and scientific methods. 5. Public administration origins and growth related to rapid growth expansion of democracy in all phases of public life America demanded more, not less, administrative thought, research, and training in order to knit as fragmented society. It cannot be defined as a fixed doctrine shifting based on constitutional democratic values for each new American values. Transforms constantly to fit public needs. |
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Social Science Heterodoxy |
Make government technocratic which is progress because it is something other than political. This was a time of prosperity. The cold war proxy war with communism abroad didn't pose real threat to people. This allowed for theorist to rethink Public administration and its science in POSDCORB. The development of the space program, education programs, highways, all to beat the Russians. These domestic administrative activities were justified by national security needs. Value emphasis on institutional effectiveness led for them to rethink the strict dichotomy proposed in POSDCORB. without losing that administrative science and not be branded politicalThe key theoretical question then became What is Public administration? They applied methods from business, economics, politics, history, and social science. They wanted to fix it without losing the good administration. They needed to figure out a way to protect the public administrator and the theory to the job well and not be branded political. The ends taken by politicians and means by administrators. So train and reinvent dichotomy. So the administrator explain their decision to separate ends and means by justifying what they did. The idea to document and explain and impress people and the politicians with data. We can achieve a nonpolitical science administration filled with data with studies that make it hard to attack. Posdcorb was easy to attack .Science avoids prejudices. The people who work at the government use real science. POSDCORB is easy to manipulate for political purpose because you can justify the actions with the proverbs. You can trust science. Politicians can't manipulate the administrators, however the administrators can manipulate the politicians with data that they don't understand. So the dichotomy still doesn't work. 1.social science invented 2. heterodoxy- more than one way to analyse 3 imperial scientific, inductive What is PA? it hard to define with politics it is empirical scientific. The answer is observing public administrators observing . Ends and means turn into scientific values as ends and facts as means. Give the political written report of values and facts so it proves not politically motivated because there is science, transparency, clarity, clear methodology, imperialism, specific close record keeping, which helped public (make it inefficient). (RED TAPE) therefore, in democratic, decentralized antistatist world never have good government |
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Rober Dahl |
Dahl provided three central intellectual problem with post war orthodoxy- 1. to rethink it normative assumtions that had been based on sharp dichotomy 2. expand its conception of humans behavior to comprehend the whole man and discover how humans act within organizations. 3. to embrace broader historical economic social conditions
Stressed values on 1. realism 2. behaviorism 3. scientific rigor |
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Herbert Simons |
He drew on logical-positivist. continental; analytical philosophy. Posdcorb was folk wisdon and prioverb that confused facts with values. It failed to live up to science so he attacked it. He rebounded field to new interdisciplinary decisions making model called BOUNDED RATIONALITY that explains administration behavior |
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result of social science heterodoxy |
in result field became broader, less parochial, more theoretical, academically respectable enriched by methodologies, ideas, new data and facts- became dynamic and process oriented which emphasized on realism, behaviorism, science. Applied realistic and rigorous interdisciplinary perspectives promoting institutional effectiveness. |
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How social science heterodoxy led to new era |
This caused for the alienation of the government to the public. by making it technocratic and scientific which led to the rebirth of freedom and democracy idealism because people did not know what the government was doing because they did not understand science. |
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Reassertion of democratic idealism |
The New PA developed based on the substantive political perspective that should be administration. Believed the constitutional duty for a public administrator should represent the people who dont have a say in deciosn making in govermnet. Represent all people to protect from special interest of the elitist.Intense antistatism culture and literature at this time perhaps caused by the vietnam, irangate, watergate, administrative misdeeds, media critics of government, etc. There was a fear of bureaucracy "fear of bureaucracy" which characterized this period as "democratic surge" which there was vital reassertion of democratic idealism in all phases of american life. Theorist that believed in a new PA and public choice scholars. Education methods then became training in numerous administrative concepts, techniques, and technologies. |
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Vincent Ostrum |
"intellectual criss in APA" introduced and advance public choice doctrines throughout the field similar to mineworkers. He advocated for a rapidly anistaist alternative called "the democratic administration paradigm" he sought to enhance public choice or read is as individual choice using economic language and economic methods applied with antigovernment zeal. |
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Minnow brook conference |
symbolized starting point of this new era. argued for a fresh new intellectual perspectives based on 1. ideals of participation 2. consensus-building 3. sharing ideas 4. mutual trust 5. love of mankind. Rejected the traditional pa of state-building and enhancing administrative efficiency embodied in posdcorb and the newer rational-techniques stressing rationality, science behaviorism, realism, empirical quantiative methodologies.. They saw POSDCORB as all to real, too powerful, too much of an embodiment of the establishment, therefore, detrimental to egalitarian democratic humane values. |
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the seven legacies ostrum and minnow brook left on the field |
1. clashing moral absolutes 2. the two new e's and one L. prior generations promoted economy, efficiency, effectiveness, this new value emerged admit to limit or control the bureaucratic discretion which was ethical, legal economizing constraints on government due to "fear of bureaucracy" 3. a cry for relevancy. Where is Public administration? 4. the fragmentation of decline of generalist Public administration . 5. the proliferation of subfields and techniques 6. the field in an intellectual crisis 7. widening gap between theory and practice. |
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the refounding movement |
socio-polical-economic-military landscape of us changed. America as the last global superpower, end of cold war, and fall of beeline wall. thery are in search of a new legitimacy, conceptual framework, and values. This leads to the question of What will be the field's new identity? they are in search of a new overall orientation. Rethinking of the basics like PA"s legitimacy, purposes, etc. US hegemony caused for a borderless, global economy prospered, increase of new informational technologies, serious environmental threats- all reshaped US complexities of government, public administration, its people, process, institutions. It stands at the heart of helping to hindering nations , capacity to govern with noew policy agenda effectively. Questions emerged to rethink PA. |
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The blast at centralia |
this case no one took responsibility. the separation between political and administration caused for confusion. Scanlan a political appointee. this case pushed for civil services. Everyone under political and job pressure. The uniontroppled by war and protecting their lives. No one is free to do what it is right. How can you do work of public and not bring politics. the post war economy life-death decision ber- individual direct relationship with rules you will lose job if you don't listen to the rules which shows the bad constructed bureaucratic apparatus. It is not working because we ere nit doing it right. Everyone in bureaucracy had personal. Ultimately the case study understanding bureaucracy of confusing activity with action . Everyone can fell like doing their job but when goes wrong can say they are doing their job. |
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Executive branch structure |
The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees. There are Cabinet agency- 15 cabinent departmenr headed by secretary. Each has a special are of policy, although thier responsibility are still broad. All secretaries have deputy or undersecretary. Diiviv into bureaus, divisions, and sections. EX- FBI lies withing domain of justice department and secret service is the Treasure Department independent agency- resemble cabinent departments, smaller and less complex. Narrower areas of responsibility. Not free from presidential control and are independent only in the sense that they are not part of a department. Congress creates them as seperate agencies fro many reason, EX- NASA established many assumed it would be part of Department odf Defnese however it is an independent agency has many other purposes other thant defense of nation. government corporations-Stand on thier own Postal serivce and Amtrack. Buisnesses created by congress and they charge fees for thier services. They have private competetion. They run like a buisness independent regulatory agency- They regulate importsatn parts of the economy, making rules for larger industries and buisnesses that affect the interest of the public. "watchdogs" they need to operate independently. President does not directly control most of them. each commision has 5-11 members. Securities and exchange commision which regulates stock amrkets, and investment practices. Federal Reserve Board governs monetary policy. EPA nations environement. Structural differences/classifications four mission differences 1. maintenance of union- Agencies related to the core functions of keeping government running and the nation secure. Examples- IRS, DOJ, DOD.Defense dpt, IRS 2. regulatory- -a department, bureau, independent agency whose primary mission is to eliminate or restrict certain behaviours defined as negative in themselves or negative in their consequences. Examples- FDA, OSHA 3. distributive- agencies that influence the money supply, the role of the government in the economy, redistribution of wealth (Department of Treasury) 4 clientele- a department or bureau of government whose mission is to promote, serve, or represent a particular interest. Example- Department of Agriculture, Department of Labor |
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How to view Weber's Bureaucracy |
as an ideal type of how things should be in bureaucracy. We can evaluate the ideal type by looking at its reality- weber is inaccurate. Bureaucracy in theory won't reflect reality. The value of this theory though is can be viewed as a yardstick used to measure the reality of bureaucracy like a grading scale. Viewing it as normatve (ethical) associate bureaucracy how it should be. |
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Why was bureaucracy necessary evil? |
It was a logical byproduct of society. Humans have evolved due to authority structure and why we need it. It is to achieve human organization. Weber believes bureaucracy is indispensable to maintaining civilization in modern society. In his view, however much people see it as evil, it is impossible to think that administrative work without bureaucracy can be carried out in any field except by means of officials working in offices. Only way for modern society to operate effectively was by organizing expertly trained, functional specialist in bureaucracies. He saw this as permanent and indispensable, he was horrified by what he believed was an irreversible trend toward loss of human freedom and dignity. It was horrible to think that the world will be filled with nothing but people clinging to little jobs and striving towards to bigger ones. This passion for bureaucracy is enough to drive one to despair. He knows it is dehumanizing. |
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How do Max Weber’s notions of traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational authority help us understand bureaucracy? |
Weber three “ideal-types” of authority explain why individuals throughout history have obeyed rules. 1. The earliest being: the traditional authority of primitive societies, rested on the established belief in the sanctity of tradition. Because a family of rulers has always ruled, people judge them to be just and obey them. Time, precedent and tradition gave rulers the legitimacy 2. Charismatic authority, which is based on the personal qualities and the attractiveness of the ruler. They are self-appointed leaders who inspire belief because of their extraordinary qualities. (Ex. religious leaders and military leaders). 3. Third ideal type is “legal-rational” authority. believe in individual rights, then america democratic staff needs a way to rule themselves in a system everyone is willing to obey. It is procedural justice., ultimate truth. What the law says. Idea to have equal society the legal rationalist everyone can behave because it is neutral. It comes from reason (which is neutral) Rules based on reason because it is nature. This is the foundation of modern society. It I based on the belief obedience is owed to a legally established, impersonal set of rules, rather than to a personal ruler. This gives power to the office rather than the person. Based on the legitimacy of the pattern of normative rules and rights of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue commands. This third type of authority forms the basis for weber’s concept of bureaucracy. According to Weber. Bureaucracy is the normal way that “legal-rational” authority appears in institutional form; it holds a central role in ordering and controlling modern society. It is superior in precision, stability, discipline, reliability, operational efficient and can be applied to administration. It gives results for leads of realization and for those acting in relation to it. In contrast to traditional and charismatic authority, bureaucratic rules provide for the systematic control of subordinates and superiors, thus limiting the opportunities for arbitrariness and personal favoritism (impersonal rules). |
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How is bureaucracy “democratizing” for Weber? |
Weber thinks beuracracy was most democratic because it served individual needs the most efficiently. Everyone gets what they need and not political because for example, if you do the right thing you get promoted. He saw bureaucracy and democracy as compatible. He observed the levelling or democratising effect of bureaucracy on society. Out of this Weber fashioned a preference for a democracy which would be limited in its powers and its irrational tendencies by a strong bureaucracy. The bureaucracy would limit corruption and would also keep the government from unnecessarily hampering the free market. For Weber, the nature of the bureaucratic ideal closely resembles what would be a democratic ideal as well in terms of putting in a position of authority the skilled individual who knows his job well and is more concerned with serving others than with serving self. In fact, there are similarities between the hated bureaucratic stereotype and the ideal described by Weber. For example, the stereotype is an individual who dispassionately goes about his business with as little feeling as possible. In fact, this is precisely what Weber sees as the perfect individual bureaucrat in a democracy. A democracy is ideally a system in which all are treated equally without regard to emotion or status. For Weber, the ideal bureaucrat presents "The development of bureaucracy does away with....plutocratic privileges, replacing unpaid, avocational administration by notables with paid, full-time administration by professionals, regardless of their social and economic position.. Authority is exercised accordance with rules, and everyone subject to authority is legally equal." Furthermore, the evolution of authority form traditional to legal rational shows how it has evolved from non democratic to democratic authority. Legal rational believe in individual rights. They need a system where equals to rule themselves system everyone willing to obey based on equality. Procedural justice as the ultimate truth and what the law says. The idea is everyone goes through same procedure, no bias and everyone has personal sovereign. You have equal scotty the legal rational everyone can behave because it is neutral. Reason comes from the inalienable truth, nature al law. Rules based on reason because its nature which makes it equal and compatible with democracy. Their needs to be a system everyone willing to obey- procedural justice as the ultimate truth. Idea everyone will behave because it neutral and comes from reason. Lastly the impersonal nature of it and dehumaizing nature makes its impersonal , there is merit, no prejudice, no bias, nature of reason, neutral nature all supports the democratic egalitarian. Consistent with meritocratic nature which is democratic. IT happens objective way, away from politics. looks as bureaucracy as the best form of democracy because all things can happen with no politics. Take politics out from the job because you don't get the job because of a politician but on skills. This is where the relationship with democracy comes about. Bureaucracy and democracy are antagonistic powers they represent meritocracy and equality.When combined in bureaucratised democracy, they can be mutually beneficial.Best combination of efficiency and freedom. |
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Bureaucracy elements? |
A formal hierarchical structure, each level controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making. Separates superiors from subordinates, authority recognized, privilege allotted, and promotions awarded. Management by rules. Controlling by rules allows decision made at high levels to be executed consistently by al lower levels. Division of labor. Organization by functional specialty- work is to be done by specialists, and people are organized into units based on the type of work they do or skills they have. 4. An up-focused or in focused mission- unfocused purpose it to serve the stockholders, the board, or whatever agency empowered to it. If the mission is the organization itself, and those within it then it is in focused Purposely impersonal- the idea is to treat all employees equally and customers equally and not be influenced by individual differences. Employment based on technical qualifications All these elements made it impersonal. No one can get offended because everyone is equal. You get the jobs by skills, merit. The incentive to get the promotion, The life tenure career orientation- efficient idea is to make person dependent on the job. to make them better bureaucrat. Incentives to make them stay. Bureaucracy interactive relationships with society sustains culture because individual and everyone can ge the job. . Merit, no bias, no prejudice, nature o reason, neutral. The hierarchical theory makes no personal annoyance of boss because he is doing his job- take it impersonal personal. way it should be but people take things personal. The more complex the harder to not use emotion. |
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Does Weber’s notion of bureaucracy as a theoretical “ideal-type” adequately describe reality? If not, how might it nonetheless be useful for understanding American public administration? |
No, Weber's notion of bureaucracy and its formal elements (hierarchical, impersonal rules, specialization, division of labor) don’t reflect reality. It is missing the informal elements of society such as human relationships, leadership, communication networks, etc, which impact a bureaucracy. His ideal type is misleading that does not offer a desirable state nor a reality. His ideals create an isolation with public service workers and citizens alike. It won't fit reality. The value of bureaucracy can be used as a "yardstick" used to measure reality in bureaucracy and grading scale. His idea is a normative (ethical) way to associate bureaucracy. How it should be. Even Weber acknowledge the dehumanizing element of it. Some elements he mentions that re the basis of bureaucracy has its flaws in reality, for example job by skills and qualification. In the real world the bureaucrat that will be appointed is someone that he favors that will obey what he has to say and not give him problem. Hire a friend. Also, he saw that bureaucracy can happen with no politics however a politician can and will influence and manipulate a bureaucrat to implement the law how he wants it. Favoritism is art of human nature as well. Removing the human element suggested in Weber's bureaucracy is impossible. Emotion comes to play as well. Rationality in politics is unrealistic and rationality in administration Is insufficient. |
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How Kristen Died |
casual example between society and bureaucracy and how the bureaucracy failed to save kristen. The criminal justce, social justice bureaucratic agency. The idea of bureaucracy is that one size fits all. idea is the procedure govern what happened and not based on each situation. Bureaucracy assumes people behave in rational behavior. Kristen and career not acting ration and system does not know how to work with that. The system si working to adhere to model they failed to see kristen's meeds. CJ system need to see defendant consistent with rule of law-procedural appropriate and bound to not use common sense.. The logical way to poke holes in case is bound to rules of evidence The classical procedural problem: no evidence because buearacy is premised 1. non bias neutral way-impersoanl rule. what protects a bureaucracy is it doesn't allow them to judge on person (prior conduct, unethical) making it impossible to get substantive justice because people who need it are not acting rational. The unrational victim can be used against them at court. the violence against women act- legislative action to find effectively to reverse burden on accused giving them less rights. all these laws push agaisnt principle of due process within bureaucracy. Administrator let persoanl emotion into case the administrator solves problem using discretion on individual cases with having non bias. The new pa job is to keep in mind of perspectives of citizens in contrast to weber who does their job by the rule and treat everyone the same (policee and bum sleeping under brdge). New PA depend on opinion and discretion and risk equal treatment. Weber guarantees equal treatment but its abstract. |
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new pa vs bureaucracy |
The new pa job is to keep in mind of perspectives of citizens in contrast to weber who does their job by the rule and treat everyone the same (policee and bum sleeping under brdge). New PA depend on opinion and discretion and risk equal treatment. Weber guarantees equal treatment but its abstract.The problem is keeping rule of law and not being absurd-balance. The public administrator is never going to be as helpful as vigilante, the system can do properly cirumsized discretion. By the book. Rethink of making it human. right/ wrong(human) guilty/innocent (procedural) |
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dilemma of bureaucracy shown in Kristen |
adProbates can skip court. Administrators torn between following rules and social pressures. The bureaucrats job is to follow rule not determine whether it is good or bad because that'll be bias. administrators have to use discretion, they deal and execute with the important stuff, the degree we give them discretion the further from weber. afraid what discretion we give to bureaucrats but also afraid of not giving them discretion The people, could choose the bad administrator knowing its bad they don't have basis to resist because that what the people wanted. Another dilemma is when the department is divided. Kristen killed- criminal record can't follow. Accommodate dilemma by following law, allowing absurdity reduce unintended consequence - the dilemma. We don't want them political because we don't elect them but also don't want them like robots. Specialization does not allow people to see full picture because people so focused on their job they doing see the bigger picture and flaws. and protect the abuse of power, but can put abuse by political. |
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More complicated life is result in |
the more need of bureacracy |
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the permanent character of bureaucracy |
bureaucracy translates community action to societal action. Therefore, it is powerful and well entrenched in society that makes it difficult to destroy. individual bureaucrats cant remove themselves from the the system. Individuals in society cannot do without bureaucracy the mechanism of bureaucracy makes revolution impossible. It is a power instrument for the one who controls it. They are entrusted with specialised tasks so it cannot be disrupted except for the top of the hierarchy. |
