Ps 201 Exam 1

Front 1

al-Qaeda

Back 1

Founded by Bin laden; rid Muslim world of non-Muslim influence; worldwide Caliphate

Front 2

Balance of Power

Back 2

national security is enhanced when military capabilities are distributed so not one state is strong enough to dominate all others

Front 3

Collective Security

Back 3

each state in the system accepts that the security of one is the concern of all, and therefore commits to a collective response to threats

Front 4

Constructivism

Back 4

significant aspects of international relations are historically and socially constructed, rather than inevitable consequences of human nature or other essential characteristics of world politics

Front 5

Deterrence

Back 5

The use of military threats as a means to deter international crises and war

Front 6

First Strike

Back 6

Preemptive surprise attack employing overwhelming force.

Front 7

Hamas

Back 7

Palestinian self-determination, Sunni Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, Larger than al-Qaeda

Front 8

Hegemonic War

Back 8

War between hegemons - Leader states

Front 9

Hegemony

Back 9

a leader state that rules geopolitically over subordinate states by means of power through force

Front 10

Hezbollah

Back 10

Shia Islamism, anti-West; Lebanon-based

Front 11

Interdependance

Back 11

members of a group are mutually dependent on each other

Front 12

irredentism

Back 12

taking back a territory that is historically or culturally yours

Front 13

liberal institutionalism

Back 13

international organizations can increase and aid cooperation between states; trade promotes peace; Immanuel Kant

Front 14

Limited War

Back 14

Belligerents do not use all available resources to wage war.

Front 15

Marxism

Back 15

worldwide theory focusing on class relations and change brought about by peasants. Lennin

Front 16

Nationalism

Back 16

identifying or being attached to one's nation

Front 17

Neoliberalism

Back 17

states achieve cooperation because it is in their interests to do so; states learn to use institutions in the new political arena; states work alone to pursue self-interests in a world of anarchy

Front 18

Nuclear proliferation

Back 18

spread of nuclear weapons and fissionable material

Front 19

Peace Studies

Back 19

Focus on conflict resolution; very critical of militarism; peace movements should include people who are actively engaged; nonviolent movement

Front 20

Postmodernism

Back 20

States are not people - they are made up to make sense of actions; arguing against over-simplifications; argues that problem with realism is it only looks at the state (ex: Looking at USSR while it is made up of many satellite nations)

Front 21

Prisoner's Dilemma

Back 21

Game theory: two rational individuals might not cooperate even if it appears to be in their best interests to do so.

Front 22

Realism

Back 22

IR is power and dominance; military is most important power capability; there is nothing above state level; idealism

Front 23

Reciprocity

Back 23

favors or benefits should be returned

Front 24

Secession

Back 24

withdrawing from something

Front 25

Second Strike

Back 25

assured ability to retaliate back against an opponent after a nuclear strike

Front 26

self-determination

Back 26

nations based on equal rights have the right to freely choose their leaders and international political status without interference

Front 27

state sovereignty

Back 27

nation-states have sovereignty over their territory with no role for other influence

Front 28

Taliban

Back 28

Afgan-based; anti-modern;gender segregation; traditionalist; anti-nationalist; jihad

Front 29

Total War

Back 29

belligerent mobilizes its population for war production; no prisoners; strategic bombing; blockade, scorched earth; suppressing resistance

Front 30

Zero sum

Back 30

all gains are exactly balanced by losses

Front 31

Current nuclear powers

Back 31

USA, Russia, France, UK, China, India

Front 32

Democratic Peace Theory

Back 32

democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with othe democracies

Front 33

ethnic conflict

Back 33

The Holocaust, Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda, Armenian Genocide,

Front 34

Fukuyama's End of History

Back 34

human history should be viewed as a battle of ideologies that ended with western liberal democracy; those who have not reached the end of history will be in conflict with those who have; shift to economic conflict and environmental issues

Front 35

Huntington's Clash of Civilizations

Back 35

culture and religion will be the primary source of conflict; divided world into sections; why: world becoming smaller, difference between cultures

Front 36

Ideological conflict examples

Back 36

pro-life vs abortion; communism vs capitalism; isolationism vs open trade

Front 37

international anarchy

Back 37

no universal sovereign or worldwide government; constructivist theory disputes that anarchy is a funcamental condition of the international system

Front 38

levels of analysis

Back 38

system: international

state: state characteristics

organization: organizations within state

individual: people within state

Front 39

Non state actors

Back 39

entities that participate in IR but do not belong to a state institution. al-Qaeda, Greenpeace,

Front 40

Ways to measure and conceptualize power

Back 40

total GDP

population

territory

resources

military

government stability

Front 41

rational actor model

Back 41

State is primary unit of analysis and inter-state relations are the primary context of analysis. States use a rational decision-making process.

Front 42

Realism: assumptions and characteristics

Back 42

assume actors perform cost-benefit analysis; assume countries can identify interests of themselves and other countries

Front 43

Religious conflict

Back 43

Palestine and Israel

Pakistan and India

Shia and Sunii

irredentism

Front 44

Sovereignty

Back 44

supreme power or authority

Front 45

Types of War

Back 45

Hegemonic war: WW1
Total war: Napoleonic
Limited war: Gulf war
Civil War: Syria
Guerilla: Vietnam

Front 46

Apply the 3 major theories +1 alternative to a current international event

Back 46

Ukraine

Realism: invade to keep ukraine in sphere of influ

Liberalism: economic interdependance freedom

Constructivism: reject assump of state interest

Peace Studies: nonviolent protest of vote

Front 47

Apply 4 levels of analysis to a current IR event

Back 47

Ukraine

Individual: Putin

Organization: EU vote

State: Ukraine wants independence

System: West looks weak

Front 48

Criticism of realism

Back 48

-Liberal institutionalism: States need to be in good terms to trade
-constructivism: rejects realist assumptions on state interests
-Post-Modern: tries to deconstruct state
-Peace Studies: opposites.
-Feminism: male-dominated

Front 49

World is more peaceful today than in any other time in global history?

Back 49

War shifting to be less for territory but more for economic conflict, environmental issues;

Front 50

What are the 4 levels of analysis and how do they relate to the varying causes of war?

Back 50

Individual: Hitler as a start of WW2

Organization: DoD or US Military interests in Iraq

State: irredentism as a cause of war; Rhineland

System: Cold war: US and USSR in bipolar system

Front 51

What best describes the world today?

States

ideology

culture

religion

ethnicity

economy

region

Back 51

Religion and ideology. Recent news: middle east clash between Islam and western culture; Russia fighting the West. Imperialism. Ideology is the reason for American intervention in so many recent conflicts.