Anthropology 201 Exam 1

Front 1

worldviews

Back 1

Encompassing pictures of reality created by the members of societies.

Front 2

metaphor

Back 2

A form of thought and language that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from
different semantic domains.

Front 3

metaphorical subject

Back 3

The first part of a metaphor, which indicates the domain of experience that needs
to be clarified.

Front 4

metaphorical predicate

Back 4

The second part of a metaphor, which suggests a familiar domain of experience
that may clarify the metaphorical subject.

Front 5

metaphorical entailments

Back 5

All the attributes of a metaphorical predicate that relate it to the culturally
defined domain of experience to which it belongs.

Front 6

metonymy

Back 6

The culturally defined relationship of the parts of a semantic domain to the domain as a whole
and of the whole to its parts.

Front 7

symbol

Back 7

Something that stands for something else. A symbol signals the presence of an important domain
of experience.

Front 8

key metaphors

Back 8

Metaphors that serve as the foundation of a worldview.

Front 9

societal metaphor

Back 9

A worldview metaphor whose model for the world is the social order.

Front 10

organic metaphor

Back 10

A worldview metaphor that applies the image of the body to social structures and
institutions.

Front 11

technological metaphor

Back 11

A worldview metaphor that employs objects made by human beings as
metaphorical predicates.

Front 12

computer metaphor

Back 12

A worldview metaphor that employs computers as metaphorical predicates.

Front 13

religion

Back 13

“ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the
senses”

Front 14

shaman

Back 14

A part-time religious practitioner who is believed to have the power to travel to or contact
supernatural forces directly on behalf of individuals or groups.

Front 15

priest

Back 15

A religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals, which he or she carries out for
the benefit of the group.

Front 16

witchcraft

Back 16

The performance of evil by human beings believed to possess an innate, nonhuman power to
do evil, whether or not it is intentional or self-aware.

Front 17

magic

Back 17

A set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific
purposes.

Front 18

oracles

Back 18

Invisible forces to which people address questions and whose responses they believe to be
truthful.

Front 19

syncretism

Back 19

The synthesis of old religious practices (or an old way of life) with new religious practices (or
a new way of life) introduced from outside, often by force.

Front 20

revitalization

Back 20

A conscious, deliberate, and organized attempt by some members of a society to create a
more satisfying culture in a time of crisis.

Front 21

secularism

Back 21

The separation of religion and state, including a notion of secular citizenship that owes much
to the notion of individual agency developed in Protestant theology.