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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mRNA
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Carries genetic info, of the DNA, transcribed in the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
In the cytoplasm, the message in the mRNA is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids. |
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Small Subunit of Ribosome
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Site of translation in cytoplasm. Attaches to mRNA at the start of translation.
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Large Subunit of Ribosome
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Site of translation in cytoplasm. Attaches to mRNA after small subunit has already bound to it.
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Amino Acid & RNA
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The message in mRNA is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids. Each amino acid is carried in by a tRNA molecule. The ribosome helps to form a covalent bond b/w two amino acids.
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Anticodon
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Set of 3 bases found on tRNA molecule that pairs w/ complementary bases on mRNA molecule.
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Central dogma of molecular biology.
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The process of producing proteins is irreversible: a protein cannot be used to create DNA.
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Transcription
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An enzyme reads DNA, forming RNA, RNA nucleotides line up w/ their complementary DNA partners transcribing DNA information to RNA
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RNA Processing (Post-Transcriptional Modification)
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A guanine cap at the 5' end is added.
A poly A-, many Adenine, tail at the 3' is added (3' polyadenylation). Segments of RNA strand that do not code for protein are removed and remaining segments are spliced together. |
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Translation is complete...
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Protein is released and the subunits of the ribosome separate.
The events following biosynthesis include post-translational modification and protein folding. During and after synthesis, polypeptide chains often fold to assume, so called, native secondary and tertiary structures. This is known as protein folding. |
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Ribosomes
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The workhorses of protein biosynthesis.
Protein biosynthesis = process of translating mRNA into protein. mRNA comprises a series of codons that dictate to the ribosome the sequence of the amino acids needed to make the protein. |
