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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleotide
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Piece of nucleic acids made up of
5-carbon sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
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In DNA, Bonding Pair A bonds with
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T
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In DNA, Bonding Pair G bonds with
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C
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Chromatin =
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Form of DNA in the nucleus; Spread out form of DNA – present when the cell has a nucleus
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Histone =
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Globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
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Replication =
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Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
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DNA Polymerase =
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enzyme that “proofreads” new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA
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Gene =
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Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) =
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RNA molecule that carries Copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)=
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type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
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Tranfer RNA (tRNA)=
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Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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Transciption =
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Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
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RNA Polymerase =
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Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
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Codon =
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Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
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Translation =
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Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
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Anti-codon =
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Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
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Mutation =
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Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
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Point Mutation =
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Mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another
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Frame Mutation =
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Mutation that shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
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