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16 Cards in this Set

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In protein synthesis, the gene (DNA) in the nucleus is like the _____ and the protein in the cytosol is like the ____.
-cookbook
-food
In protein synthesis, the mRNA is like the _____.
-recipe
What does the central dogma of biology state?
-information flows in one direction (DNA--> RNA--> protein)
What is transcription?
-the production of mRNA from a DNA template
What is translation?
-the production of a protein from an mRNA template by a ribosome
In prokaryotes, mRNA produced by _____ is immediately _____ without more processing or transport.
-transcription
-translated
What is the process of mRNA to protein in eukaryotes? Why is this process different than that of prokaryotes?
-mRNA is created and processed (parts are removed/changed). mRNA travels to the cytosol. A ribosome then binds to the mRNA to translate it into a protein.
-This process is different because, in eukaryotes, the DNA is in the nucleus.
Crick and Brenner determined that DNA is read in sets of ___ nucleotides for each ____ ____.
-3
-amino acid
What is a codon?
-the specific set of 3 nucleotides that translates for a specific amino acid.
In transcription, information from DNA is transferred to the messenger RNA. In this process, what will the following nucleotides be paired with?
--A
--T
--C
--G
--U
--A
--G
--C
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
-DNA- double stranded, deoxyribose as sugar, uses T-A
-RNA- single stranded, ribose as sugar, uses U-A
In translation, mRNA is translated into protein with the help of transfer RNA. Each molecule of tRNA:
-carries a specific amino acid on one end
-has an anticodon on the other end
In translation, tRNA molecules are lined up with the ____ on the mRNA by a ____.
-codons
-ribosome
What are the three steps of translation?
-initiation
-elongation
-termination
Additional modifications to protein synthesis may include:
-activation by an enzyme that cleaves the protein
-several peptides may come together to form the subunits of a protein (like hemoglobin)
Translate the following DNA sequence into RNA.
ATGCGTTGCAGC
-UACGCAACGUCG

What are the anticodons for the above RNA sequence?
-AUGCGUUGCAGC