Prosthetic Valves

Front 1

How many types of prosthetic valves are there?

Back 1

1) Mechanical made from stainless steel or Dacron Graf.
2) Bio(life)prosthetic valves (it last from 10 - 12 years.

Front 2

Definition of mechanical valves?

Back 2

1) are synthetic metalic valves
2) Doppler velocity should be less than 3 meters per second.
3) it can be hear a clicking sound.
4) are distinguished by an acoustic shadow.
5) patients should use blood thinners like Coumadin, Warfarin & Plavix.
6) they will last forever.

Front 3

What are the types of mechanical valves

Back 3

1) Ball & Cage "Starr Edwards Valve " most common
2) Tilting Disc "Bjork-Shiley"
3) Bi-Leaflet "St. Jude" least stenotic.

Front 4

What are the types of Bio-prosthetic valves?

Back 4

1) Porcine "Carpentier Edwards" most common, can be see as a crown; it is use for the semilunar valves ( Aortic & Pulmonic).
2) Cow (Bovine) "Jonescu-Shiley"
it is use for the atrioventricular valves ( Mitral & Tricuspid).
3) Homograph valve the are taking from another human bean.
4) Autograph valves made by your own tissue or skin.

Front 5

What is the ideology for prosthetic valves?

Back 5

1) Native valves are replaced for regurgitation & infarction.; valve repair are becoming more common with porcine & bovine specially in the mitral valve

Front 6

What is the pathophysiology of the prosthetic valves?

Back 6

1) Complications include systemic embolisation.
2) Perry valvular leaks.
3) Valve degeneration, Thrombus formation, endocarditis.
4)All prosthetic valves have an transvalvular grading.

Front 7

What are the physical signs of prosthetic valves?

Back 7

1) Mechanical valves have a systolic click.
2) Bio prosthetic don't.

Front 8

What are the echo findings?

Back 8

1) They are specific to each valve.
2) Valve motion is best study by M-mode to record maximum disc motion.
3) TEE is very helpful for the evaluation of vegetation and trumbus.

Front 9

What are the findings in Doppler?

Back 9

1) Normal mechanical prosthetic valve will have some regurgitation.
2) Valves should be check for prosthetic leaks do to poor measurement.
3) TEE is necessary for evaluating MR

Front 10

What we do to evaluate prosthetic valves?

Back 10

1) Zoom in.
2) Doppler.
3) Trace the entire wave form.
4) CW.
5) Mitral prosthetic
Peak velocity 1.5 to 2 meters/second
Mean grading 3-7 mmHg
6) Aortic prosthetic
Peak velocity 2 to 3 meters/second.
Mean grading 14 - 20 mmHg.