Prosthetic Valves

Front 1

Dysfunction of mechanical valves is usually due to:

Back 1

Thrombus, incomplete closure causing MR, or inadequate opening leading to stenosis.

Front 2

Dysfunction of tissue valves is usually due to leaflet ______ causing regurgitation or _____ leading to stenosis.

Back 2

Degeneration

Calcification

Front 3

All prosthetic valves are at risk for _______.

Back 3

Endocarditis

Front 4

Prosthetic valves are implanted when the patient has ______ significant valvular disease. For example: valves with ______, _____,______ and/or an _____ with severe AI.

Back 4

Hemodynamically

Stenosis

Regurg

Infection

Aortic dissection

Front 5

The two main types of prosthetic valves include ____, and______.

Back 5

Bioprosthetic (biological tissue)

Mechanical (synthetic)

Front 6

Valve repairs with valvular rings are utilized when possible, particularly in cases of _____ valve repair.

Back 6

Mitral

Front 7

Common brand names of valvular rings are _____, and _____ rings.

Back 7

Carpentier

Duran

Front 8

If you have an elderly patient where long term durability is less important, what valve would you use? Bio or mechanical?

Back 8

Bio

Front 9

If you have a young adult or children needing a valve, not woman in child bearing years, what kind of valve is usually used? Bio or mechanical

Back 9

Mechanical

Front 10

If a patient is requiring aortic root replacement, such as aortic dissection with severe aortic insufficiency, what valve would you use? Bio or mechanical?

Back 10

Mechanical

Front 11

Patients with chronic anticoagulant problems should use what kind of valve?

Back 11

Bio, because they can't take blood thinners

Front 12

Patients who have renal failure, or a small valve annulus, or are on blood thinners already would receive which valve?

Back 12

Mechanical

Front 13

Types of bioprosthetic valves are _____, ______, and______.

Back 13

Autograft (self to self)

Homograft (allograft)

Heterograft ( xenograft)

Front 14

With an autograph valve, they take an individual's pulmonic valve annulus and trunk relocate it to the ____ valve position. This also involves repositioning of the _____ _____. This is known as the_____ procedure.

Back 14

Aortic

Coronary arteries

Ross procedure

Front 15

With autograft the remove the ____ _____ (thigh muscle covering) and utilize it as a bioprosthetic heart valve.

Back 15

Fascia lata

Front 16

With a Homograft , the aortic valve or ______ _______ (brain covering) is utilized as a bioprosthetic heart valve.

Back 16

Dura mater

Front 17

With homograft valves they may be mounted on ____ or_____.

Back 17

Stents

Stentless

Front 18

The benefit of the stentless valves is improved hemodynamics with a ____ PG.

Back 18

Decreased

Front 19

With a homograft valve, they appear very similar to a____

Back 19

Native valve

Front 20

They use a _____ to take over for the heart and lungs.

Back 20

Cardiopulmonary bypass machine

Front 21

With heterograft valves, they use a ______ valve or ____ valve.

Back 21

Porcine (pig)

Bovine (cow)

Front 22

With porcine valves they use the pigs _____ _____ valve that may be mounted on stents or stentless.

Back 22

Trileaflet aortic

Front 23

With bovine valves they use the cows _____ as a trileaflet valve mounted on stents and a sewing ring.

Back 23

Pericardium

Front 24

Common brand names of heterograft valves are _____, ______,______,_____,_____,_____.

Back 24

Carpentier-edwards

Medtronic

Hancock

Ionescu-shiley

Edwards prima plus

Toronto SPV

Front 25

Always compare prior echos to see if any changes occurred with bioprosthetic valves. When should the patient have an echo after getting new bio valve?

Back 25

Soon after valve repair so baseline can be documented

Front 26

What can happen to bio valves that cause complications?

Back 26

Calcification

All prosthetic valves are inherently stenotic!

Thrombus

Endocarditis

Normal amount of regurg

perivalvular leak

Dehisence

Front 27

A normal amount of ____ is present in most bio valves. A _____ small jet is considered normal.

Back 27

Regurg

Single

Front 28

All prosthetic valves are inherently _____.

Back 28

Stenotic

Front 29

_____ occurs when the sutures in the sewing ring become looser and the prosthesis is no longer stable. This causes a ____ leak.

Back 29

Dehisence

Perivalvular

Front 30

Three types of mechanical valves are ___,____and____.

Back 30

Ball and cage (caged ball)

Tilting disc

Bileaflet tilting disc

Front 31

The ball and cage valve is similar to native valve. What moves the ball? Common brand name is _____.

Back 31

Pressure

Starr-Edwards

Front 32

A single tilting disc creates a ____ and a___ orifice. Common brand name is___,___,____ and____.

Back 32

Major and a minor orifice

Medtronic hall,

Omnicarbon

Monostrut

Bjork-shiley

Front 33

The bileaflet has two tilting discs that create three orifices that promote _____ flow making it the least ____ mechanical valve. Common brand names are ____,____,____

Back 33

Central

Stenotic

St. Jude

Carbomedics

ATS open pivot

Front 34

How soon should a patient get an echo after replacement?

Back 34

Soon after to get a baseline

Front 35

All prosthetic valves are inherently stenotic, it depends on the ____,____ and____.

Back 35

Type

Size

Site

Front 36

Complications of mechanical valves are

1-9

Back 36

Thrombus

Pannus (growth of tissue)

Regurg , most have this, determined by the make and model

Perivalvular leak (abnormal)

Dehisence ( loose valve, may cause perivalvular leak)

abcess

Endocarditis

Mechanical failure

hemolysis

Front 37

2D echo

Back 37

Too lazy to type it

Front 38

M-mode is useful for evaluating the prosthetic _____/______ motion.

Back 38

Poppet/disc

Front 39

Color flow Doppler

Back 39

CW or PW

Front 40

Stented bio valve

Back 40

Ball and cage

Starr-Edwards

Front 41

Tilting disc

Back 41

Bileaflet

Front 42

K

Back 42

K

Front 43

Tilting disc

Medtronic hall

Back 43

Bileaflet

Least stenotic

St. Jude