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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Recent research in different domains of expertise has shown that expert performance is predominantly mediated by which two factors? |
1. Acquired complex skills & 2. Physiological adaptation |
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Extended deliberate practice allows experts to circumvent basic limits on human cognitive processing. What are these? (2) |
Circumvent basic limits on... 1. Working memory capacity & 2. Sequential processing |
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How does the present review define expert performance ? In terms of consistency, specificity and administration |
Expert performance: consistently superior performance on a specific set of representative tasks for the domain that can be administered to any subject |
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Usually if some is performing at least ____ _____ ____ above the mean level, they can be said to be performing at expert level |
AT LEAST 2 standard deviations above the mean level in the population (N.B. of performers/players) |
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What kind of reasoning do experts employ? Explain. |
Forward reasoning: e.g. as they read description of problem situation, an integrated representation is generated and updated, so when they finally encounter the question in the problem text, they simple retrieve a solution plan from memory |
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Why is it difficult to identify the factor(s) that lead to maximal performance from childhood to adulthood? Clue: training condition |
As children, future international-level performers/experts are NOT randomly assigned to their training condition - you cannot rule out possibly that there is something different about those individuals who ultimately reach expert-level performance |
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What is the 'traditional' view of talent? Is it consist with reviewed evidence? |
Traditional view of talent: concludes that successful individuals have special innate abilities and basic capacities . NO. |
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What are the more plausible loci of individual differences regarding deliberate practice? (2) |
Factors that predispose individuals toward engaging in deliberate practice AND enable them to sustain high levels of practice for many years |
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In which area of performance is the most marked age-related decline generally observed? |
Perceptual-motor performance (sports) |
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True or False? The estimated amount of deliberate practice that individuals can sustain for extended periods of time does not seem to vary across domains |
TRUE. Close to 4 hours a day |
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The monotonic benefits assumptions is that individuals' performances are... |
Monotonic benefits assumption: is that individuals' performances are a monotonic function of the amount of deliberate practice accumulated since these individuals began deliberate practice in a domain |
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What does the Chase-Theory argue about experts' superior short-term memory for chess positions? |
Due to their ability to recognise configurations of chess pieces on the basis of their knowledge of vast numbers of specific patterns of pieces |
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According to the Chase-Simon theory, experts' superior memory is only for... |
Representative stimuli from their domain |
