Ed Psych Quiz 4

Front 1

stimulus that increases the likelihood that a particular response will follow

Back 1

Antecedent stimulus

Front 2

Form of learning in which a response increases in frequency as a result of its being followed by reinforcement.

Back 2

Operant Conditioning

Front 3

Consequence of a response that leads to increased frequency of the response.

Back 3

Reinforcer

Front 4

Consequence that satisfies a biologically built-in need.

Back 4

Primary reinforcer

Front 5

Consequence that becomes reinforcing over time through its association with another reinforcer.

Back 5

Secondary reinforcer

Front 6

Phenomenon in which a response increases as a result of the presentation (rather than removal) of a stimulus.

Back 6

Positive reinforcement

Front 7

Reinforcer that comes from the outside environment, rather than from within the learner.

Back 7

Extrinsic Reinforcer

Front 8

Reinforcer provided by oneself of inherent in a task being performed.

Back 8

Intrinsic reinforcer

Front 9

Phenomenon in which a response increases as a result of the removal (rather than presentation) of a stimulus.

Back 9

Negative Reinforcement

Front 10

Consequence that decreases the frequency of the response it follows

Back 10

Punishment

Front 11

Punishment involving presentation of a new stimulus, presumable one a learner finds unpleasant.

Back 11

Presentation punishment

Front 12

Punishment involving removal of an existing stimulus, presumably one a learner finds desirable and doesn't want to lose.

Back 12

Removal Punishment

Front 13

Person who demonstrates a behavior for someone else.

Back 13

Model

Front 14

Individual whose behavior is directly observed in one's immediate environment

Back 14

Live model

Front 15

Real or fictional character portrayed in the media that influences an observer's behavior.

Back 15

Symbolic Model

Front 16

Phenomenon in which a response increases in frequency when another (observed) person is reinforced for that response.

Back 16

Vicarious Reinforcement

Front 17

Phenomenon in which a response decreases in frequency when another (observed) person is punished for that response.

Back 17

Vicarious Punishment

Front 18

Concept, symbol, strategy, procedure, or other culturally constructed mechanism that helps people think about and respond to situations more effectively.

Back 18

Cognitive tool

Front 19

Process of molding a child's behavior and beliefs to be appropriate for the cultural group.

Back 19

Socialization

Front 20

Sense of confusion when a student encounters a culture with behavioral expectations very different from those previously learned.

Back 20

Culture Shock

Front 21

Situation in which a child's home culture and the school culture hold conflicting expectations for the child's behavior.

Back 21

Cultural mismatch

Front 22

Mutual cause-and-effect relationships among environment, behavior, and personal variables as these three factors influence learning and development.

Back 22

Reciprocal Causation

Front 23

Gradual disappearance of an acquired response; in the case of a response acquired through operant conditioning, it results from repeated lack of reinforcement for the response.

Back 23

Extinction

Front 24

Classroom strategy in which desired behaviors are reinforced by tokens that the learner can use to "purchase" a variety of other, backup, reinforcers.

Back 24

Token Economy

Front 25

Situation in which one event happens only after another even has already occurred.

Back 25

Contingency

Front 26

Two or more behaviors that cannot be performed simultaneously.

Back 26

Incompatible Behavior

Front 27

Process of reinforcing successively closer and closer approximations to a desired behavior.

Back 27

Shaping

Front 28

What are the four general forms that primary reinforcers can take?

Back 28

Food, water, sources of warmth, and oxygen

Front 29

Preference for small, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones; concrete reinforcers, teacher approval, privileges, grown-up responsibilities

Back 29

Effective Reinforcers for K-2

Front 30

Increasing ability to delay gratification ; concrete reinforcers, teacher approval and positive feedback, good citizen certificates, free time

Back 30

Effective Reinforcers for 3-5

Front 31

Increasing desire to have social time with peers; free time with friends, acceptance and approval from peers, teacher approval and support, specific positive feedback about academic performance

Back 31

Effective Reinforcers for 6-8

Front 32

Increasing ability to postpone immediate pleasures in order to gain long-term rewards; concern about getting good grades; opportunities to interact with friends, specific positive feedback about academic performance, public recognition for group performance positions of responsibility

Back 32

Effective Reinforcers for 9-12

Front 33

Response increases when a new stimulus

Back 33

Positive Reinforcement

Front 34

Response increases when a previously existing stimulus is removed

Back 34

Negative Reinforcement

Front 35

Response decreases when a new stimulus is presented

Back 35

Presentation Punishment

Front 36

Response decreases when a previously existing stimulus is removed

Back 36

Removal Punishment